GEN09
Prev | Score Statements and GEN Routines | Next

## GEN09

GEN09 — Generate composite waveforms made up of weighted sums of simple sinusoids.

## Description

These subroutines generate composite waveforms made up of weighted sums of simple sinusoids. The specification of each contributing partial requires 3 p-fields using GEN09.

## Syntax

    f # time size 9 pna stra phsa pnb strb phsb ...

## Initialization

size -- number of points in the table. Must be a power of 2 or power-of-2 plus 1 (see f statement).

pna, pnb, etc. -- partial no. (relative to a fundamental that would occupy size locations per cycle) of sinusoid a, sinusoid b, etc. Must be positive, but need not be a whole number, i.e., non-harmonic partials are permitted. Partials may be in any order.

stra, strb, etc. -- strength of partials pna, pnb, etc. These are relative strengths, since the composite waveform may be rescaled later. Negative values are permitted and imply a 180 degree phase shift.

phsa, phsb, etc. -- initial phase of partials pna, pnb, etc., expressed in degrees (0-360).

| Note
These subroutines generate stored functions as sums of sinusoids of different frequencies. The two major restrictions on GEN10 that the partials be harmonic and in phase do not apply to GEN09 or GEN19. In each case the composite wave, once drawn, is then rescaled to unity if p4 was positive. A negative p4 will cause rescaling to be skipped.

## Examples

Here is a simple example of the GEN09 routine. It uses the file gen09.csd. It will generate a cosine wave, a sine wave with an initial phase of 90 degrees. Here is its diagram:

Diagram of the waveform generated by GEN09.

Example 616. A simple example of the GEN09 routine.

See the sections Real-time Audio and Command Line Flags for more information on using command line flags.

    <CsoundSynthesizer>
    <CsOptions>
    ; Select audio/midi flags here according to platform
    ; Audio out   Audio in
    -odac           -iadc    ;;;RT audio I/O
    ; For Non-realtime ouput leave only the line below:
    ; -o gen09.wav -W ;;; for file output any platform
    </CsOptions>
    <CsInstruments>

    ; Initialize the global variables.
    sr = 44100
    kr = 4410
    ksmps = 10
    nchnls = 1

    ; Instrument #1.
    instr 1
      kamp = 30000
      kcps = 440
      ifn = 1

      ; Play the waveform stored in Table #1.
      a1 oscil kamp, kcps, ifn
      out a1
    endin

    </CsInstruments>
    <CsScore>

    ; Table #1: a cosine wave (using GEN09).
    ; This is a sine wave with an initial phase of 90 degrees.
    f 1 0 16384 9 1 1 90

    ; Play Instrument #1 for 2 seconds.
    i 1 0 2
    e

    </CsScore>
    </CsoundSynthesizer>

Here is another example of the GEN09 routine. It uses the file gen09square.csd. It combines partials l, 3 and 9 in the relative strengths in which they are found in a square wave, except that partial 9 is upside down. It will be rescaled, here is its diagram:

Diagram of the waveform generated by GEN09.

Example 617. A square wave generated by the GEN09 routine.

    <CsoundSynthesizer>
    <CsOptions>
    ; Select audio/midi flags here according to platform
    ; Audio out   Audio in
    -odac           -iadc    ;;;RT audio I/O
    ; For Non-realtime ouput leave only the line below:
    ; -o gen09square.wav -W ;;; for file output any platform
    </CsOptions>
    <CsInstruments>

    ; Initialize the global variables.
    sr = 44100
    kr = 4410
    ksmps = 10
    nchnls = 1

    ; Instrument #1.
    instr 1
      kamp = 30000
      kcps = 440
      ifn = 1

      ; Play the waveform stored in Table #1.
      a1 oscil kamp, kcps, ifn
      out a1
    endin

    </CsInstruments>
    <CsScore>

    ; Table #1: an approximation of a square wave (using GEN09).
    f 1 0 16384 9 1 3 0 3 1 0 9 0.3333 180

    ; Play Instrument #1 for 2 seconds.
    i 1 0 2
    e

    </CsScore>
    </CsoundSynthesizer>

## See Also

GEN10, GEN19

## Credits

The simple example was written by Kevin Conder.

Prev | Up | Next
GEN08 | Home | GEN10