    /**
     * @author Jacky Nguyen <jacky@sencha.com>
     * @docauthor Jacky Nguyen <jacky@sencha.com>
     * @class Ext.Object
     *
     * A collection of useful static methods to deal with objects
     *
     * @singleton
     */

    (function() {

    var ExtObject = Ext.Object = {

        /**
         * Convert a `name` - `value` pair to an array of objects with support for nested structures; useful to construct
         * query strings. For example:

        var objects = Ext.Object.toQueryObjects('hobbies', ['reading', 'cooking', 'swimming']);

        // objects then equals:
        [
            { name: 'hobbies', value: 'reading' },
            { name: 'hobbies', value: 'cooking' },
            { name: 'hobbies', value: 'swimming' },
        ];

        var objects = Ext.Object.toQueryObjects('dateOfBirth', {
            day: 3,
            month: 8,
            year: 1987,
            extra: {
                hour: 4
                minute: 30
            }
        }, true); // Recursive

        // objects then equals:
        [
            { name: 'dateOfBirth[day]', value: 3 },
            { name: 'dateOfBirth[month]', value: 8 },
            { name: 'dateOfBirth[year]', value: 1987 },
            { name: 'dateOfBirth[extra][hour]', value: 4 },
            { name: 'dateOfBirth[extra][minute]', value: 30 },
        ];

         * @param {String} name
         * @param {Mixed} value
         * @param {Boolean} recursive
         * @markdown
         */
        toQueryObjects: function(name, value, recursive) {
            var self = ExtObject.toQueryObjects,
                objects = [],
                i, ln;

            if (Ext.isArray(value)) {
                for (i = 0, ln = value.length; i < ln; i++) {
                    if (recursive) {
                        objects = objects.concat(self(name + '[' + i + ']', value[i], true));
                    }
                    else {
                        objects.push({
                            name: name,
                            value: value[i]
                        });
                    }
                }
            }
            else if (Ext.isObject(value)) {
                for (i in value) {
                    if (value.hasOwnProperty(i)) {
                        if (recursive) {
                            objects = objects.concat(self(name + '[' + i + ']', value[i], true));
                        }
                        else {
                            objects.push({
                                name: name,
                                value: value[i]
                            });
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
            else {
                objects.push({
                    name: name,
                    value: value
                });
            }

            return objects;
        },

        /**
         * Takes an object and converts it to an encoded query string

    - Non-recursive:

        Ext.Object.toQueryString({foo: 1, bar: 2}); // returns "foo=1&bar=2"
        Ext.Object.toQueryString({foo: null, bar: 2}); // returns "foo=&bar=2"
        Ext.Object.toQueryString({'some price': '$300'}); // returns "some%20price=%24300"
        Ext.Object.toQueryString({date: new Date(2011, 0, 1)}); // returns "date=%222011-01-01T00%3A00%3A00%22"
        Ext.Object.toQueryString({colors: ['red', 'green', 'blue']}); // returns "colors=red&colors=green&colors=blue"

    - Recursive:

        Ext.Object.toQueryString({
            username: 'Jacky',
            dateOfBirth: {
                day: 1,
                month: 2,
                year: 1911
            },
            hobbies: ['coding', 'eating', 'sleeping', ['nested', 'stuff']]
        }, true); // returns the following string (broken down and url-decoded for ease of reading purpose):
                  // username=Jacky
                  //    &dateOfBirth[day]=1&dateOfBirth[month]=2&dateOfBirth[year]=1911
                  //    &hobbies[0]=coding&hobbies[1]=eating&hobbies[2]=sleeping&hobbies[3][0]=nested&hobbies[3][1]=stuff

         *
         * @param {Object} object The object to encode
         * @param {Boolean} recursive (optional) Whether or not to interpret the object in recursive format.
         * (PHP / Ruby on Rails servers and similar). Defaults to false
         * @return {String} queryString
         * @markdown
         */
        toQueryString: function(object, recursive) {
            var paramObjects = [],
                params = [],
                i, j, ln, paramObject, value;

            for (i in object) {
                if (object.hasOwnProperty(i)) {
                    paramObjects = paramObjects.concat(ExtObject.toQueryObjects(i, object[i], recursive));
                }
            }

            for (j = 0, ln = paramObjects.length; j < ln; j++) {
                paramObject = paramObjects[j];
                value = paramObject.value;

                if (Ext.isEmpty(value)) {
                    value = '';
                }
                else if (Ext.isDate(value)) {
                    value = Ext.Date.toString(value);
                }

                params.push(encodeURIComponent(paramObject.name) + '=' + encodeURIComponent(String(value)));
            }

            return params.join('&');
        },

        /**
         * Converts a query string back into an object.
         *
    - Non-recursive:

        Ext.Object.fromQueryString(foo=1&bar=2); // returns {foo: 1, bar: 2}
        Ext.Object.fromQueryString(foo=&bar=2); // returns {foo: null, bar: 2}
        Ext.Object.fromQueryString(some%20price=%24300); // returns {'some price': '$300'}
        Ext.Object.fromQueryString(colors=red&colors=green&colors=blue); // returns {colors: ['red', 'green', 'blue']}

    - Recursive:

        Ext.Object.fromQueryString("username=Jacky&dateOfBirth[day]=1&dateOfBirth[month]=2&dateOfBirth[year]=1911&hobbies[0]=coding&hobbies[1]=eating&hobbies[2]=sleeping&hobbies[3][0]=nested&hobbies[3][1]=stuff", true);

        // returns
        {
            username: 'Jacky',
            dateOfBirth: {
                day: '1',
                month: '2',
                year: '1911'
            },
            hobbies: ['coding', 'eating', 'sleeping', ['nested', 'stuff']]
        }

         * @param {String} queryString The query string to decode
         * @param {Boolean} recursive (Optional) Whether or not to recursively decode the string. This format is supported by
         * PHP / Ruby on Rails servers and similar. Defaults to false
         * @return {Object}
         */
        fromQueryString: function(queryString, recursive) {
            var parts = queryString.replace(/^\?/, '').split('&'),
                object = {},
                temp, components, name, value, i, ln,
                part, j, subLn, matchedKeys, matchedName,
                keys, key, nextKey;

            for (i = 0, ln = parts.length; i < ln; i++) {
                part = parts[i];

                if (part.length > 0) {
                    components = part.split('=');
                    name = decodeURIComponent(components[0]);
                    value = (components[1] !== undefined) ? decodeURIComponent(components[1]) : '';

                    if (!recursive) {
                        if (object.hasOwnProperty(name)) {
                            if (!Ext.isArray(object[name])) {
                                object[name] = [object[name]];
                            }

                            object[name].push(value);
                        }
                        else {
                            object[name] = value;
                        }
                    }
                    else {
                        matchedKeys = name.match(/(\[):?([^\]]*)\]/g);
                        matchedName = name.match(/^([^\[]+)/);

                        //<debug error>
                        if (!matchedName) {
                            Ext.Error.raise({
                                sourceClass: "Ext.Object",
                                sourceMethod: "fromQueryString",
                                queryString: queryString,
                                recursive: recursive,
                                msg: 'Malformed query string given, failed parsing name from "' + part + '"'
                            });
                        }
                        //</debug>

                        name = matchedName[0];
                        keys = [];

                        if (matchedKeys === null) {
                            object[name] = value;
                            continue;
                        }

                        for (j = 0, subLn = matchedKeys.length; j < subLn; j++) {
                            key = matchedKeys[j];
                            key = (key.length === 2) ? '' : key.substring(1, key.length - 1);
                            keys.push(key);
                        }

                        keys.unshift(name);

                        temp = object;

                        for (j = 0, subLn = keys.length; j < subLn; j++) {
                            key = keys[j];

                            if (j === subLn - 1) {
                                if (Ext.isArray(temp) && key === '') {
                                    temp.push(value);
                                }
                                else {
                                    temp[key] = value;
                                }
                            }
                            else {
                                if (temp[key] === undefined || typeof temp[key] === 'string') {
                                    nextKey = keys[j+1];

                                    temp[key] = (Ext.isNumeric(nextKey) || nextKey === '') ? [] : {};
                                }

                                temp = temp[key];
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
            }

            return object;
        },

        /**
         * Iterate through an object and invoke the given callback function for each iteration. The iteration can be stop
         * by returning `false` in the callback function. For example:

        var person = {
            name: 'Jacky'
            hairColor: 'black'
            loves: ['food', 'sleeping', 'wife']
        };

        Ext.Object.each(person, function(key, value, myself) {
            console.log(key + ":" + value);

            if (key === 'hairColor') {
                return false; // stop the iteration
            }
        });

         * @param {Object} object The object to iterate
         * @param {Function} fn The callback function. Passed arguments for each iteration are:

    - {String} `key`
    - {Mixed} `value`
    - {Object} `object` The object itself

         * @param {Object} scope (Optional) The execution scope (`this`) of the callback function
         * @markdown
         */
        each: function(object, fn, scope) {
            for (var property in object) {
                if (object.hasOwnProperty(property)) {
                    if (fn.call(scope || object, property, object[property], object) === false) {
                        return;
                    }
                }
            }
        },

        /**
         * Merges any number of objects recursively without referencing them or their children.

        var extjs = {
            companyName: 'Ext JS',
            products: ['Ext JS', 'Ext GWT', 'Ext Designer'],
            isSuperCool: true
            office: {
                size: 2000,
                location: 'Palo Alto',
                isFun: true
            }
        };

        var newStuff = {
            companyName: 'Sencha Inc.',
            products: ['Ext JS', 'Ext GWT', 'Ext Designer', 'Sencha Touch', 'Sencha Animator'],
            office: {
                size: 40000,
                location: 'Redwood City'
            }
        };

        var sencha = Ext.Object.merge(extjs, newStuff);

        // extjs and sencha then equals to
        {
            companyName: 'Sencha Inc.',
            products: ['Ext JS', 'Ext GWT', 'Ext Designer', 'Sencha Touch', 'Sencha Animator'],
            isSuperCool: true
            office: {
                size: 30000,
                location: 'Redwood City'
                isFun: true
            }
        }

         * @param {Object} object,...
         * @return {Object} merged The object that is created as a result of merging all the objects passed in.
         * @markdown
         */
        merge: function(source, key, value) {
            if (typeof key === 'string') {
                if (value && value.constructor === Object) {
                    if (source[key] && source[key].constructor === Object) {
                        ExtObject.merge(source[key], value);
                    }
                    else {
                        source[key] = Ext.clone(value);
                    }
                }
                else {
                    source[key] = value;
                }

                return source;
            }

            var i = 1,
                ln = arguments.length,
                object, property;

            for (; i < ln; i++) {
                object = arguments[i];

                for (property in object) {
                    if (object.hasOwnProperty(property)) {
                        ExtObject.merge(source, property, object[property]);
                    }
                }
            }

            return source;
        },

        /**
         * Returns the first matching key corresponding to the given value.
         * If no matching value is found, null is returned.

        var person = {
            name: 'Jacky',
            loves: 'food'
        };

        alert(Ext.Object.getKey(sencha, 'loves')); // alerts 'food'

         * @param {Object} object
         * @param {Object} value The value to find
         * @markdown
         */
        getKey: function(object, value) {
            for (var property in object) {
                if (object.hasOwnProperty(property) && object[property] === value) {
                    return property;
                }
            }

            return null;
        },

        /**
         * Gets all values of the given object as an array.

        var values = Ext.Object.getValues({
            name: 'Jacky',
            loves: 'food'
        }); // ['Jacky', 'food']

         * @param {Object} object
         * @return {Array} An array of values from the object
         * @markdown
         */
        getValues: function(object) {
            var values = [],
                property;

            for (property in object) {
                if (object.hasOwnProperty(property)) {
                    values.push(object[property]);
                }
            }

            return values;
        },

        /**
         * Gets all keys of the given object as an array.

        var values = Ext.Object.getKeys({
            name: 'Jacky',
            loves: 'food'
        }); // ['name', 'loves']

         * @param {Object} object
         * @return {Array} An array of keys from the object
         * @method
         */
        getKeys: ('keys' in Object.prototype) ? Object.keys : function(object) {
            var keys = [],
                property;

            for (property in object) {
                if (object.hasOwnProperty(property)) {
                    keys.push(property);
                }
            }

            return keys;
        },

        /**
         * Gets the total number of this object's own properties

        var size = Ext.Object.getSize({
            name: 'Jacky',
            loves: 'food'
        }); // size equals 2

         * @param {Object} object
         * @return {Number} size
         * @markdown
         */
        getSize: function(object) {
            var size = 0,
                property;

            for (property in object) {
                if (object.hasOwnProperty(property)) {
                    size++;
                }
            }

            return size;
        }
    };

    /**
     * A convenient alias method for {@link Ext.Object#merge}
     *
     * @member Ext
     * @method merge
     */
    Ext.merge = Ext.Object.merge;

    /**
     * A convenient alias method for {@link Ext.Object#toQueryString}
     *
     * @member Ext
     * @method urlEncode
     * @deprecated 4.0.0 Use {@link Ext.Object#toQueryString Ext.Object.toQueryString} instead
     */
    Ext.urlEncode = function() {
        var args = Ext.Array.from(arguments),
            prefix = '';

        // Support for the old `pre` argument
        if ((typeof args[1] === 'string')) {
            prefix = args[1] + '&';
            args[1] = false;
        }

        return prefix + Ext.Object.toQueryString.apply(Ext.Object, args);
    };

    /**
     * A convenient alias method for {@link Ext.Object#fromQueryString}
     *
     * @member Ext
     * @method urlDecode
     * @deprecated 4.0.0 Use {@link Ext.Object#fromQueryString Ext.Object.fromQueryString} instead
     */
    Ext.urlDecode = function() {
        return Ext.Object.fromQueryString.apply(Ext.Object, arguments);
    };

    })();