    /**
     * @author Jacky Nguyen <jacky@sencha.com>
     * @docauthor Jacky Nguyen <jacky@sencha.com>
     * @class Ext.ClassManager
     *
     * Ext.ClassManager manages all classes and handles mapping from string class name to
     * actual class objects throughout the whole framework. It is not generally accessed directly, rather through
     * these convenient shorthands:
     *
     * - {@link Ext#define Ext.define}
     * - {@link Ext#create Ext.create}
     * - {@link Ext#widget Ext.widget}
     * - {@link Ext#getClass Ext.getClass}
     * - {@link Ext#getClassName Ext.getClassName}
     *
     * # Basic syntax:
     *
     *     Ext.define(className, properties);
     *
     * in which `properties` is an object represent a collection of properties that apply to the class. See
     * {@link Ext.ClassManager#create} for more detailed instructions.
     *
     *     Ext.define('Person', {
     *          name: 'Unknown',
     *
     *          constructor: function(name) {
     *              if (name) {
     *                  this.name = name;
     *              }
     *          },
     *
     *          eat: function(foodType) {
     *              alert("I'm eating: " + foodType);
     *
     *              return this;
     *          }
     *     });
     *
     *     var aaron = new Person("Aaron");
     *     aaron.eat("Sandwich"); // alert("I'm eating: Sandwich");
     *
     * Ext.Class has a powerful set of extensible {@link Ext.Class#registerPreprocessor pre-processors} which takes care of
     * everything related to class creation, including but not limited to inheritance, mixins, configuration, statics, etc.
     *
     * # Inheritance:
     *
     *     Ext.define('Developer', {
     *          extend: 'Person',
     *
     *          constructor: function(name, isGeek) {
     *              this.isGeek = isGeek;
     *
     *              // Apply a method from the parent class' prototype
     *              this.callParent([name]);
     *          },
     *
     *          code: function(language) {
     *              alert("I'm coding in: " + language);
     *
     *              this.eat("Bugs");
     *
     *              return this;
     *          }
     *     });
     *
     *     var jacky = new Developer("Jacky", true);
     *     jacky.code("JavaScript"); // alert("I'm coding in: JavaScript");
     *                               // alert("I'm eating: Bugs");
     *
     * See {@link Ext.Base#callParent} for more details on calling superclass' methods
     *
     * # Mixins:
     *
     *     Ext.define('CanPlayGuitar', {
     *          playGuitar: function() {
     *             alert("F#...G...D...A");
     *          }
     *     });
     *
     *     Ext.define('CanComposeSongs', {
     *          composeSongs: function() { ... }
     *     });
     *
     *     Ext.define('CanSing', {
     *          sing: function() {
     *              alert("I'm on the highway to hell...")
     *          }
     *     });
     *
     *     Ext.define('Musician', {
     *          extend: 'Person',
     *
     *          mixins: {
     *              canPlayGuitar: 'CanPlayGuitar',
     *              canComposeSongs: 'CanComposeSongs',
     *              canSing: 'CanSing'
     *          }
     *     })
     *
     *     Ext.define('CoolPerson', {
     *          extend: 'Person',
     *
     *          mixins: {
     *              canPlayGuitar: 'CanPlayGuitar',
     *              canSing: 'CanSing'
     *          },
     *
     *          sing: function() {
     *              alert("Ahem....");
     *
     *              this.mixins.canSing.sing.call(this);
     *
     *              alert("[Playing guitar at the same time...]");
     *
     *              this.playGuitar();
     *          }
     *     });
     *
     *     var me = new CoolPerson("Jacky");
     *
     *     me.sing(); // alert("Ahem...");
     *                // alert("I'm on the highway to hell...");
     *                // alert("[Playing guitar at the same time...]");
     *                // alert("F#...G...D...A");
     *
     * # Config:
     *
     *     Ext.define('SmartPhone', {
     *          config: {
     *              hasTouchScreen: false,
     *              operatingSystem: 'Other',
     *              price: 500
     *          },
     *
     *          isExpensive: false,
     *
     *          constructor: function(config) {
     *              this.initConfig(config);
     *          },
     *
     *          applyPrice: function(price) {
     *              this.isExpensive = (price > 500);
     *
     *              return price;
     *          },
     *
     *          applyOperatingSystem: function(operatingSystem) {
     *              if (!(/^(iOS|Android|BlackBerry)$/i).test(operatingSystem)) {
     *                  return 'Other';
     *              }
     *
     *              return operatingSystem;
     *          }
     *     });
     *
     *     var iPhone = new SmartPhone({
     *          hasTouchScreen: true,
     *          operatingSystem: 'iOS'
     *     });
     *
     *     iPhone.getPrice(); // 500;
     *     iPhone.getOperatingSystem(); // 'iOS'
     *     iPhone.getHasTouchScreen(); // true;
     *     iPhone.hasTouchScreen(); // true
     *
     *     iPhone.isExpensive; // false;
     *     iPhone.setPrice(600);
     *     iPhone.getPrice(); // 600
     *     iPhone.isExpensive; // true;
     *
     *     iPhone.setOperatingSystem('AlienOS');
     *     iPhone.getOperatingSystem(); // 'Other'
     *
     * # Statics:
     *
     *     Ext.define('Computer', {
     *          statics: {
     *              factory: function(brand) {
     *                 // 'this' in static methods refer to the class itself
     *                  return new this(brand);
     *              }
     *          },
     *
     *          constructor: function() { ... }
     *     });
     *
     *     var dellComputer = Computer.factory('Dell');
     *
     * Also see {@link Ext.Base#statics} and {@link Ext.Base#self} for more details on accessing
     * static properties within class methods
     *
     * @singleton
     */
    (function(Class, alias, arraySlice, arrayFrom, global) {

        var Manager = Ext.ClassManager = {

            /**
             * @property {Object} classes
             * All classes which were defined through the ClassManager. Keys are the
             * name of the classes and the values are references to the classes.
             * @private
             */
            classes: {},

            /**
             * @private
             */
            existCache: {},

            /**
             * @private
             */
            namespaceRewrites: [{
                from: 'Ext.',
                to: Ext
            }],

            /**
             * @private
             */
            maps: {
                alternateToName: {},
                aliasToName: {},
                nameToAliases: {},
                nameToAlternates: {}
            },

            /** @private */
            enableNamespaceParseCache: true,

            /** @private */
            namespaceParseCache: {},

            /** @private */
            instantiators: [],

            /**
             * Checks if a class has already been created.
             *
             * @param {String} className
             * @return {Boolean} exist
             */
            isCreated: function(className) {
                var existCache = this.existCache,
                    i, ln, part, root, parts;

                //<debug error>
                if (typeof className != 'string' || className.length < 1) {
                    throw new Error("[Ext.ClassManager] Invalid classname, must be a string and must not be empty");
                }
                //</debug>

                if (this.classes[className] || existCache[className]) {
                    return true;
                }

                root = global;
                parts = this.parseNamespace(className);

                for (i = 0, ln = parts.length; i < ln; i++) {
                    part = parts[i];

                    if (typeof part != 'string') {
                        root = part;
                    } else {
                        if (!root || !root[part]) {
                            return false;
                        }

                        root = root[part];
                    }
                }

                existCache[className] = true;

                this.triggerCreated(className);

                return true;
            },

            /**
             * @private
             */
            createdListeners: [],

            /**
             * @private
             */
            nameCreatedListeners: {},

            /**
             * @private
             */
            triggerCreated: function(className) {
                var listeners = this.createdListeners,
                    nameListeners = this.nameCreatedListeners,
                    alternateNames = this.maps.nameToAlternates[className],
                    names = [className],
                    i, ln, j, subLn, listener, name;

                for (i = 0,ln = listeners.length; i < ln; i++) {
                    listener = listeners[i];
                    listener.fn.call(listener.scope, className);
                }

                if (alternateNames) {
                    names.push.apply(names, alternateNames);
                }

                for (i = 0,ln = names.length; i < ln; i++) {
                    name = names[i];
                    listeners = nameListeners[name];

                    if (listeners) {
                        for (j = 0,subLn = listeners.length; j < subLn; j++) {
                            listener = listeners[j];
                            listener.fn.call(listener.scope, name);
                        }
                        delete nameListeners[name];
                    }
                }
            },

            /**
             * @private
             */
            onCreated: function(fn, scope, className) {
                var listeners = this.createdListeners,
                    nameListeners = this.nameCreatedListeners,
                    listener = {
                        fn: fn,
                        scope: scope
                    };

                if (className) {
                    if (this.isCreated(className)) {
                        fn.call(scope, className);
                        return;
                    }

                    if (!nameListeners[className]) {
                        nameListeners[className] = [];
                    }

                    nameListeners[className].push(listener);
                }
                else {
                    listeners.push(listener);
                }
            },

            /**
             * Supports namespace rewriting
             * @private
             */
            parseNamespace: function(namespace) {
                //<debug error>
                if (typeof namespace != 'string') {
                    throw new Error("[Ext.ClassManager] Invalid namespace, must be a string");
                }
                //</debug>

                var cache = this.namespaceParseCache,
                    parts,
                    rewrites,
                    root,
                    name,
                    rewrite, from, to, i, ln;

                if (this.enableNamespaceParseCache) {
                    if (cache.hasOwnProperty(namespace)) {
                        return cache[namespace];
                    }
                }

                parts = [];
                rewrites = this.namespaceRewrites;
                root = global;
                name = namespace;

                for (i = 0, ln = rewrites.length; i < ln; i++) {
                    rewrite = rewrites[i];
                    from = rewrite.from;
                    to = rewrite.to;

                    if (name === from || name.substring(0, from.length) === from) {
                        name = name.substring(from.length);

                        if (typeof to != 'string') {
                            root = to;
                        } else {
                            parts = parts.concat(to.split('.'));
                        }

                        break;
                    }
                }

                parts.push(root);

                parts = parts.concat(name.split('.'));

                if (this.enableNamespaceParseCache) {
                    cache[namespace] = parts;
                }

                return parts;
            },

            /**
             * Creates a namespace and assign the `value` to the created object
             *
             *     Ext.ClassManager.setNamespace('MyCompany.pkg.Example', someObject);
             *
             *     alert(MyCompany.pkg.Example === someObject); // alerts true
             *
             * @param {String} name
             * @param {Object} value
             */
            setNamespace: function(name, value) {
                var root = global,
                    parts = this.parseNamespace(name),
                    ln = parts.length - 1,
                    leaf = parts[ln],
                    i, part;

                for (i = 0; i < ln; i++) {
                    part = parts[i];

                    if (typeof part != 'string') {
                        root = part;
                    } else {
                        if (!root[part]) {
                            root[part] = {};
                        }

                        root = root[part];
                    }
                }

                root[leaf] = value;

                return root[leaf];
            },

            /**
             * The new Ext.ns, supports namespace rewriting
             * @private
             */
            createNamespaces: function() {
                var root = global,
                    parts, part, i, j, ln, subLn;

                for (i = 0, ln = arguments.length; i < ln; i++) {
                    parts = this.parseNamespace(arguments[i]);

                    for (j = 0, subLn = parts.length; j < subLn; j++) {
                        part = parts[j];

                        if (typeof part != 'string') {
                            root = part;
                        } else {
                            if (!root[part]) {
                                root[part] = {};
                            }

                            root = root[part];
                        }
                    }
                }

                return root;
            },

            /**
             * Sets a name reference to a class.
             *
             * @param {String} name
             * @param {Object} value
             * @return {Ext.ClassManager} this
             */
            set: function(name, value) {
                var me = this,
                    maps = me.maps,
                    nameToAlternates = maps.nameToAlternates,
                    targetName = me.getName(value),
                    alternates;

                me.classes[name] = me.setNamespace(name, value);

                if (targetName && targetName !== name) {
                    maps.alternateToName[name] = targetName;
                    alternates = nameToAlternates[targetName] || (nameToAlternates[targetName] = []);
                    alternates.push(name);
                }

                return this;
            },

            /**
             * Retrieve a class by its name.
             *
             * @param {String} name
             * @return {Ext.Class} class
             */
            get: function(name) {
                var classes = this.classes,
                    root,
                    parts,
                    part, i, ln;

                if (classes[name]) {
                    return classes[name];
                }

                root = global;
                parts = this.parseNamespace(name);

                for (i = 0, ln = parts.length; i < ln; i++) {
                    part = parts[i];

                    if (typeof part != 'string') {
                        root = part;
                    } else {
                        if (!root || !root[part]) {
                            return null;
                        }

                        root = root[part];
                    }
                }

                return root;
            },

            /**
             * Register the alias for a class.
             *
             * @param {Ext.Class/String} cls a reference to a class or a className
             * @param {String} alias Alias to use when referring to this class
             */
            setAlias: function(cls, alias) {
                var aliasToNameMap = this.maps.aliasToName,
                    nameToAliasesMap = this.maps.nameToAliases,
                    className;

                if (typeof cls == 'string') {
                    className = cls;
                } else {
                    className = this.getName(cls);
                }

                if (alias && aliasToNameMap[alias] !== className) {
                    //<debug info>
                    if (aliasToNameMap[alias] && Ext.isDefined(global.console)) {
                        global.console.log("[Ext.ClassManager] Overriding existing alias: '" + alias + "' " +
                            "of: '" + aliasToNameMap[alias] + "' with: '" + className + "'. Be sure it's intentional.");
                    }
                    //</debug>

                    aliasToNameMap[alias] = className;
                }

                if (!nameToAliasesMap[className]) {
                    nameToAliasesMap[className] = [];
                }

                if (alias) {
                    Ext.Array.include(nameToAliasesMap[className], alias);
                }

                return this;
            },

            /**
             * Get a reference to the class by its alias.
             *
             * @param {String} alias
             * @return {Ext.Class} class
             */
            getByAlias: function(alias) {
                return this.get(this.getNameByAlias(alias));
            },

            /**
             * Get the name of a class by its alias.
             *
             * @param {String} alias
             * @return {String} className
             */
            getNameByAlias: function(alias) {
                return this.maps.aliasToName[alias] || '';
            },

            /**
             * Get the name of a class by its alternate name.
             *
             * @param {String} alternate
             * @return {String} className
             */
            getNameByAlternate: function(alternate) {
                return this.maps.alternateToName[alternate] || '';
            },

            /**
             * Get the aliases of a class by the class name
             *
             * @param {String} name
             * @return {Array} aliases
             */
            getAliasesByName: function(name) {
                return this.maps.nameToAliases[name] || [];
            },

            /**
             * Get the name of the class by its reference or its instance;
             * usually invoked by the shorthand {@link Ext#getClassName Ext.getClassName}
             *
             *     Ext.ClassManager.getName(Ext.Action); // returns "Ext.Action"
             *
             * @param {Ext.Class/Object} object
             * @return {String} className
             */
            getName: function(object) {
                return object && object.$className || '';
            },

            /**
             * Get the class of the provided object; returns null if it's not an instance
             * of any class created with Ext.define. This is usually invoked by the shorthand {@link Ext#getClass Ext.getClass}
             *
             *     var component = new Ext.Component();
             *
             *     Ext.ClassManager.getClass(component); // returns Ext.Component
             *
             * @param {Object} object
             * @return {Ext.Class} class
             */
            getClass: function(object) {
                return object && object.self || null;
            },

            /**
             * Defines a class.
             * @deprecated 4.1.0 Use {@link Ext#define} instead, as that also supports creating overrides.
             */
            create: function(className, data, createdFn) {
                //<debug error>
                if (typeof className != 'string') {
                    throw new Error("[Ext.define] Invalid class name '" + className + "' specified, must be a non-empty string");
                }
                //</debug>

                data.$className = className;

                return new Class(data, function() {
                    var postprocessorStack = data.postprocessors || Manager.defaultPostprocessors,
                        registeredPostprocessors = Manager.postprocessors,
                        postprocessors = [],
                        postprocessor, i, ln, j, subLn, postprocessorProperties, postprocessorProperty;

                    delete data.postprocessors;

                    for (i = 0,ln = postprocessorStack.length; i < ln; i++) {
                        postprocessor = postprocessorStack[i];

                        if (typeof postprocessor == 'string') {
                            postprocessor = registeredPostprocessors[postprocessor];
                            postprocessorProperties = postprocessor.properties;

                            if (postprocessorProperties === true) {
                                postprocessors.push(postprocessor.fn);
                            }
                            else if (postprocessorProperties) {
                                for (j = 0,subLn = postprocessorProperties.length; j < subLn; j++) {
                                    postprocessorProperty = postprocessorProperties[j];

                                    if (data.hasOwnProperty(postprocessorProperty)) {
                                        postprocessors.push(postprocessor.fn);
                                        break;
                                    }
                                }
                            }
                        }
                        else {
                            postprocessors.push(postprocessor);
                        }
                    }

                    data.postprocessors = postprocessors;
                    data.createdFn = createdFn;
                    Manager.processCreate(className, this, data);
                });
            },

            processCreate: function(className, cls, clsData){
                var me = this,
                    postprocessor = clsData.postprocessors.shift(),
                    createdFn = clsData.createdFn;

                if (!postprocessor) {
                    me.set(className, cls);

                    if (createdFn) {
                         createdFn.call(cls, cls);
                    }

                    me.triggerCreated(className);
                    return;
                }

                if (postprocessor.call(me, className, cls, clsData, me.processCreate) !== false) {
                    me.processCreate(className, cls, clsData);
                }
            },

            createOverride: function (className, data, createdFn) {
                var me = this,
                    overriddenClassName = data.override,
                    requires = data.requires,
                    uses = data.uses,
                    classReady = function () {
                        var cls, temp;

                        if (requires) {
                            temp = requires;
                            requires = null; // do the real thing next time (which may be now)

                            // Since the override is going to be used (its target class is now
                            // created), we need to fetch the required classes for the override
                            // and call us back once they are loaded:
                            Ext.Loader.require(temp, classReady);
                        } else {
                            // The target class and the required classes for this override are
                            // ready, so we can apply the override now:
                            cls = me.get(overriddenClassName);

                            // We don't want to apply these:
                            delete data.override;
                            delete data.requires;
                            delete data.uses;

                            Ext.override(cls, data);

                            // This pushes the overridding file itself into Ext.Loader.history
                            // Hence if the target class never exists, the overriding file will
                            // never be included in the build.
                            me.triggerCreated(className);

                            if (uses) {
                                Ext.Loader.addUsedClasses(uses); // get these classes too!
                            }

                            if (createdFn) {
                                createdFn.call(cls); // last but not least!
                            }
                        }
                    };

                me.existCache[className] = true;

                // Override the target class right after it's created
                me.onCreated(classReady, me, overriddenClassName);

                return me;
            },

            /**
             * Instantiate a class by its alias; usually invoked by the convenient shorthand {@link Ext#createByAlias Ext.createByAlias}
             * If {@link Ext.Loader} is {@link Ext.Loader#setConfig enabled} and the class has not been defined yet, it will
             * attempt to load the class via synchronous loading.
             *
             *     var window = Ext.ClassManager.instantiateByAlias('widget.window', { width: 600, height: 800, ... });
             *
             * @param {String} alias
             * @param {Object...} args Additional arguments after the alias will be passed to the
             * class constructor.
             * @return {Object} instance
             */
            instantiateByAlias: function() {
                var alias = arguments[0],
                    args = arraySlice.call(arguments),
                    className = this.getNameByAlias(alias);

                if (!className) {
                    className = this.maps.aliasToName[alias];

                    //<debug error>
                    if (!className) {
                        throw new Error("[Ext.createByAlias] Cannot create an instance of unrecognized alias: " + alias);
                    }
                    //</debug>

                    //<debug warn>
                    if (global.console) {
                        global.console.warn("[Ext.Loader] Synchronously loading '" + className + "'; consider adding " +
                             "Ext.require('" + alias + "') above Ext.onReady");
                    }
                    //</debug>

                    Ext.syncRequire(className);
                }

                args[0] = className;

                return this.instantiate.apply(this, args);
            },

            /**
             * @private
             */
            instantiate: function() {
                var name = arguments[0],
                    nameType = typeof name,
                    args = arraySlice.call(arguments, 1),
                    alias = name,
                    possibleName, cls;

                if (nameType != 'function') {
                    if (nameType != 'string' && args.length === 0) {
                        args = [name];
                        name = name.xclass;
                    }

                    //<debug error>
                    if (typeof name != 'string' || name.length < 1) {
                        throw new Error("[Ext.create] Invalid class name or alias '" + name + "' specified, must be a non-empty string");
                    }
                    //</debug>

                    cls = this.get(name);
                }
                else {
                    cls = name;
                }

                // No record of this class name, it's possibly an alias, so look it up
                if (!cls) {
                    possibleName = this.getNameByAlias(name);

                    if (possibleName) {
                        name = possibleName;

                        cls = this.get(name);
                    }
                }

                // Still no record of this class name, it's possibly an alternate name, so look it up
                if (!cls) {
                    possibleName = this.getNameByAlternate(name);

                    if (possibleName) {
                        name = possibleName;

                        cls = this.get(name);
                    }
                }

                // Still not existing at this point, try to load it via synchronous mode as the last resort
                if (!cls) {
                    //<debug warn>
                    if (global.console) {
                        global.console.warn("[Ext.Loader] Synchronously loading '" + name + "'; consider adding " +
                             "Ext.require('" + ((possibleName) ? alias : name) + "') above Ext.onReady");
                    }
                    //</debug>

                    Ext.syncRequire(name);

                    cls = this.get(name);
                }

                //<debug error>
                if (!cls) {
                    throw new Error("[Ext.create] Cannot create an instance of unrecognized class name / alias: " + alias);
                }

                if (typeof cls != 'function') {
                    throw new Error("[Ext.create] '" + name + "' is a singleton and cannot be instantiated");
                }
                //</debug>

                return this.getInstantiator(args.length)(cls, args);
            },

            /**
             * @private
             * @param name
             * @param args
             */
            dynInstantiate: function(name, args) {
                args = arrayFrom(args, true);
                args.unshift(name);

                return this.instantiate.apply(this, args);
            },

            /**
             * @private
             * @param length
             */
            getInstantiator: function(length) {
                var instantiators = this.instantiators,
                    instantiator,
                    i,
                    args;

                instantiator = instantiators[length];

                if (!instantiator) {
                    i = length;
                    args = [];

                    for (i = 0; i < length; i++) {
                        args.push('a[' + i + ']');
                    }

                    instantiator = instantiators[length] = new Function('c', 'a', 'return new c(' + args.join(',') + ')');
                    //<debug>
                    instantiator.displayName = "Ext.ClassManager.instantiate" + length;
                    //</debug>
                }

                return instantiator;
            },

            /**
             * @private
             */
            postprocessors: {},

            /**
             * @private
             */
            defaultPostprocessors: [],

            /**
             * Register a post-processor function.
             *
             * @private
             * @param {String} name
             * @param {Function} postprocessor
             */
            registerPostprocessor: function(name, fn, properties, position, relativeTo) {
                if (!position) {
                    position = 'last';
                }

                if (!properties) {
                    properties = [name];
                }

                this.postprocessors[name] = {
                    name: name,
                    properties: properties || false,
                    fn: fn
                };

                this.setDefaultPostprocessorPosition(name, position, relativeTo);

                return this;
            },

            /**
             * Set the default post processors array stack which are applied to every class.
             *
             * @private
             * @param {String/Array} The name of a registered post processor or an array of registered names.
             * @return {Ext.ClassManager} this
             */
            setDefaultPostprocessors: function(postprocessors) {
                this.defaultPostprocessors = arrayFrom(postprocessors);

                return this;
            },

            /**
             * Insert this post-processor at a specific position in the stack, optionally relative to
             * any existing post-processor
             *
             * @private
             * @param {String} name The post-processor name. Note that it needs to be registered with
             * {@link Ext.ClassManager#registerPostprocessor} before this
             * @param {String} offset The insertion position. Four possible values are:
             * 'first', 'last', or: 'before', 'after' (relative to the name provided in the third argument)
             * @param {String} relativeName
             * @return {Ext.ClassManager} this
             */
            setDefaultPostprocessorPosition: function(name, offset, relativeName) {
                var defaultPostprocessors = this.defaultPostprocessors,
                    index;

                if (typeof offset == 'string') {
                    if (offset === 'first') {
                        defaultPostprocessors.unshift(name);

                        return this;
                    }
                    else if (offset === 'last') {
                        defaultPostprocessors.push(name);

                        return this;
                    }

                    offset = (offset === 'after') ? 1 : -1;
                }

                index = Ext.Array.indexOf(defaultPostprocessors, relativeName);

                if (index !== -1) {
                    Ext.Array.splice(defaultPostprocessors, Math.max(0, index + offset), 0, name);
                }

                return this;
            },

            /**
             * Converts a string expression to an array of matching class names. An expression can either refers to class aliases
             * or class names. Expressions support wildcards:
             *
             *      // returns ['Ext.window.Window']
             *     var window = Ext.ClassManager.getNamesByExpression('widget.window');
             *
             *     // returns ['widget.panel', 'widget.window', ...]
             *     var allWidgets = Ext.ClassManager.getNamesByExpression('widget.*');
             *
             *     // returns ['Ext.data.Store', 'Ext.data.ArrayProxy', ...]
             *     var allData = Ext.ClassManager.getNamesByExpression('Ext.data.*');
             *
             * @param {String} expression
             * @return {String[]} classNames
             */
            getNamesByExpression: function(expression) {
                var nameToAliasesMap = this.maps.nameToAliases,
                    names = [],
                    name, alias, aliases, possibleName, regex, i, ln;

                //<debug error>
                if (typeof expression != 'string' || expression.length < 1) {
                    throw new Error("[Ext.ClassManager.getNamesByExpression] Expression " + expression + " is invalid, must be a non-empty string");
                }
                //</debug>

                if (expression.indexOf('*') !== -1) {
                    expression = expression.replace(/\*/g, '(.*?)');
                    regex = new RegExp('^' + expression + '$');

                    for (name in nameToAliasesMap) {
                        if (nameToAliasesMap.hasOwnProperty(name)) {
                            aliases = nameToAliasesMap[name];

                            if (name.search(regex) !== -1) {
                                names.push(name);
                            }
                            else {
                                for (i = 0, ln = aliases.length; i < ln; i++) {
                                    alias = aliases[i];

                                    if (alias.search(regex) !== -1) {
                                        names.push(name);
                                        break;
                                    }
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    }

                } else {
                    possibleName = this.getNameByAlias(expression);

                    if (possibleName) {
                        names.push(possibleName);
                    } else {
                        possibleName = this.getNameByAlternate(expression);

                        if (possibleName) {
                            names.push(possibleName);
                        } else {
                            names.push(expression);
                        }
                    }
                }

                return names;
            }
        };

        //<feature classSystem.alias>
        /**
         * @cfg {String[]} alias
         * @member Ext.Class
         * List of short aliases for class names.  Most useful for defining xtypes for widgets:
         *
         *     Ext.define('MyApp.CoolPanel', {
         *         extend: 'Ext.panel.Panel',
         *         alias: ['widget.coolpanel'],
         *         title: 'Yeah!'
         *     });
         *
         *     // Using Ext.create
         *     Ext.create('widget.coolpanel');
         *
         *     // Using the shorthand for defining widgets by xtype
         *     Ext.widget('panel', {
         *         items: [
         *             {xtype: 'coolpanel', html: 'Foo'},
         *             {xtype: 'coolpanel', html: 'Bar'}
         *         ]
         *     });
         *
         * Besides "widget" for xtype there are alias namespaces like "feature" for ftype and "plugin" for ptype.
         */
        Manager.registerPostprocessor('alias', function(name, cls, data) {
            var aliases = data.alias,
                i, ln;

            for (i = 0,ln = aliases.length; i < ln; i++) {
                alias = aliases[i];

                this.setAlias(cls, alias);
            }

        }, ['xtype', 'alias']);
        //</feature>

        //<feature classSystem.singleton>
        /**
         * @cfg {Boolean} singleton
         * @member Ext.Class
         * When set to true, the class will be instantiated as singleton.  For example:
         *
         *     Ext.define('Logger', {
         *         singleton: true,
         *         log: function(msg) {
         *             console.log(msg);
         *         }
         *     });
         *
         *     Logger.log('Hello');
         */
        Manager.registerPostprocessor('singleton', function(name, cls, data, fn) {
            fn.call(this, name, new cls(), data);
            return false;
        });
        //</feature>

        //<feature classSystem.alternateClassName>
        /**
         * @cfg {String/String[]} alternateClassName
         * @member Ext.Class
         * Defines alternate names for this class.  For example:
         *
         *     Ext.define('Developer', {
         *         alternateClassName: ['Coder', 'Hacker'],
         *         code: function(msg) {
         *             alert('Typing... ' + msg);
         *         }
         *     });
         *
         *     var joe = Ext.create('Developer');
         *     joe.code('stackoverflow');
         *
         *     var rms = Ext.create('Hacker');
         *     rms.code('hack hack');
         */
        Manager.registerPostprocessor('alternateClassName', function(name, cls, data) {
            var alternates = data.alternateClassName,
                i, ln, alternate;

            if (!(alternates instanceof Array)) {
                alternates = [alternates];
            }

            for (i = 0, ln = alternates.length; i < ln; i++) {
                alternate = alternates[i];

                //<debug error>
                if (typeof alternate != 'string') {
                    throw new Error("[Ext.define] Invalid alternate of: '" + alternate + "' for class: '" + name + "'; must be a valid string");
                }
                //</debug>

                this.set(alternate, cls);
            }
        });
        //</feature>

        Ext.apply(Ext, {
            /**
             * Instantiate a class by either full name, alias or alternate name.
             *
             * If {@link Ext.Loader} is {@link Ext.Loader#setConfig enabled} and the class has
             * not been defined yet, it will attempt to load the class via synchronous loading.
             *
             * For example, all these three lines return the same result:
             *
             *      // alias
             *      var window = Ext.create('widget.window', {
             *          width: 600,
             *          height: 800,
             *          ...
             *      });
             *
             *      // alternate name
             *      var window = Ext.create('Ext.Window', {
             *          width: 600,
             *          height: 800,
             *          ...
             *      });
             *
             *      // full class name
             *      var window = Ext.create('Ext.window.Window', {
             *          width: 600,
             *          height: 800,
             *          ...
             *      });
             *
             *      // single object with xclass property:
             *      var window = Ext.create({
             *          xclass: 'Ext.window.Window', // any valid value for 'name' (above)
             *          width: 600,
             *          height: 800,
             *          ...
             *      });
             *
             * @param {String} [name] The class name or alias. Can be specified as `xclass`
             * property if only one object parameter is specified.
             * @param {Object...} [args] Additional arguments after the name will be passed to
             * the class' constructor.
             * @return {Object} instance
             * @member Ext
             * @method create
             */
            create: alias(Manager, 'instantiate'),

            /**
             * Convenient shorthand to create a widget by its xtype or a config object.
             * See also {@link Ext.ClassManager#instantiateByAlias}.
             *
             *      var button = Ext.widget('button'); // Equivalent to Ext.create('widget.button');
             *
             *      var panel = Ext.widget('panel', { // Equivalent to Ext.create('widget.panel')
             *          title: 'Panel'
             *      });
             *
             *      var grid = Ext.widget({
             *          xtype: 'grid',
             *          ...
             *      });
             *
             * If a {@link Ext.Component component} instance is passed, it is simply returned.
             *
             * @member Ext
             * @param {String} [name] The xtype of the widget to create.
             * @param {Object} [config] The configuration object for the widget constructor.
             * @return {Object} The widget instance
             */
            widget: function(name, config) {
                // forms:
                //      1: (xtype)
                //      2: (xtype, config)
                //      3: (config)
                //      4: (xtype, component)
                //      5: (component)
                //
                var xtype = name,
                    alias, className, T, load;

                if (typeof xtype != 'string') { // if (form 3 or 5)
                    // first arg is config or component
                    config = name; // arguments[0]
                    xtype = config.xtype;
                } else {
                    config = config || {};
                }

                if (config.isComponent) {
                    return config;
                }

                alias = 'widget.' + xtype;
                className = Manager.getNameByAlias(alias);

                // this is needed to support demand loading of the class
                if (!className) {
                    load = true;
                }

                T = Manager.get(className);
                if (load || !T) {
                    return Manager.instantiateByAlias(alias, config);
                }
                return new T(config);
            },

            /**
             * Convenient shorthand, see {@link Ext.ClassManager#instantiateByAlias}
             * @member Ext
             * @method createByAlias
             */
            createByAlias: alias(Manager, 'instantiateByAlias'),

            /**
             * @method
             * Defines a class or override. A basic class is defined like this:
             *
             *      Ext.define('My.awesome.Class', {
             *          someProperty: 'something',
             *
             *          someMethod: function() {
             *              alert(s + this.someProperty);
             *          }
             *
             *          ...
             *      });
             *
             *      var obj = new My.awesome.Class();
             *
             *      obj.someMethod('Say '); // alerts 'Say something'
             *
             * To defines an override, include the `override` property. The content of an
             * override is aggregated with the specified class in order to extend or modify
             * that class. This can be as simple as setting default property values or it can
             * extend and/or replace methods. This can also extend the statics of the class.
             *
             * One use for an override is to break a large class into manageable pieces.
             *
             *      // File: /src/app/Panel.js
             *
             *      Ext.define('My.app.Panel', {
             *          extend: 'Ext.panel.Panel',
             *          requires: [
             *              'My.app.PanelPart2',
             *              'My.app.PanelPart3'
             *          ]
             *
             *          constructor: function (config) {
             *              this.callParent(arguments); // calls Ext.panel.Panel's constructor
             *              //...
             *          },
             *
             *          statics: {
             *              method: function () {
             *                  return 'abc';
             *              }
             *          }
             *      });
             *
             *      // File: /src/app/PanelPart2.js
             *      Ext.define('My.app.PanelPart2', {
             *          override: 'My.app.Panel',
             *
             *          constructor: function (config) {
             *              this.callParent(arguments); // calls My.app.Panel's constructor
             *              //...
             *          }
             *      });
             *
             * Another use of overrides is to provide optional parts of classes that can be
             * independently required. In this case, the class may even be unaware of the
             * override altogether.
             *
             *      Ext.define('My.ux.CoolTip', {
             *          override: 'Ext.tip.ToolTip',
             *
             *          constructor: function (config) {
             *              this.callParent(arguments); // calls Ext.tip.ToolTip's constructor
             *              //...
             *          }
             *      });
             *
             * The above override can now be required as normal.
             *
             *      Ext.define('My.app.App', {
             *          requires: [
             *              'My.ux.CoolTip'
             *          ]
             *      });
             *
             * Overrides can also contain statics:
             *
             *      Ext.define('My.app.BarMod', {
             *          override: 'Ext.foo.Bar',
             *
             *          statics: {
             *              method: function (x) {
             *                  return this.callParent([x * 2]); // call Ext.foo.Bar.method
             *              }
             *          }
             *      });
             *
             * IMPORTANT: An override is only included in a build if the class it overrides is
             * required. Otherwise, the override, like the target class, is not included.
             *
             * @param {String} className The class name to create in string dot-namespaced format, for example:
             * 'My.very.awesome.Class', 'FeedViewer.plugin.CoolPager'
             * It is highly recommended to follow this simple convention:
             *  - The root and the class name are 'CamelCased'
             *  - Everything else is lower-cased
             * @param {Object} data The key - value pairs of properties to apply to this class. Property names can be of any valid
             * strings, except those in the reserved listed below:
             *  - `mixins`
             *  - `statics`
             *  - `config`
             *  - `alias`
             *  - `self`
             *  - `singleton`
             *  - `alternateClassName`
             *  - `override`
             *
             * @param {Function} createdFn Optional callback to execute after the class is created, the execution scope of which
             * (`this`) will be the newly created class itself.
             * @return {Ext.Base}
             * @markdown
             * @member Ext
             * @method define
             */
            define: function (className, data, createdFn) {
                if (data.override) {
                    return Manager.createOverride.apply(Manager, arguments);
                }

                return Manager.create.apply(Manager, arguments);
            },

            /**
             * Convenient shorthand, see {@link Ext.ClassManager#getName}
             * @member Ext
             * @method getClassName
             */
            getClassName: alias(Manager, 'getName'),

            /**
             * Returns the displayName property or className or object. When all else fails, returns "Anonymous".
             * @param {Object} object
             * @return {String}
             */
            getDisplayName: function(object) {
                if (object) {
                    if (object.displayName) {
                        return object.displayName;
                    }

                    if (object.$name && object.$class) {
                        return Ext.getClassName(object.$class) + '#' + object.$name;
                    }

                    if (object.$className) {
                        return object.$className;
                    }
                }

                return 'Anonymous';
            },

            /**
             * Convenient shorthand, see {@link Ext.ClassManager#getClass}
             * @member Ext
             * @method getClass
             */
            getClass: alias(Manager, 'getClass'),

            /**
             * Creates namespaces to be used for scoping variables and classes so that they are not global.
             * Specifying the last node of a namespace implicitly creates all other nodes. Usage:
             *
             *     Ext.namespace('Company', 'Company.data');
             *
             *     // equivalent and preferable to the above syntax
             *     Ext.ns('Company.data');
             *
             *     Company.Widget = function() { ... };
             *
             *     Company.data.CustomStore = function(config) { ... };
             *
             * @param {String...} namespaces
             * @return {Object} The namespace object.
             * (If multiple arguments are passed, this will be the last namespace created)
             * @member Ext
             * @method namespace
             */
            namespace: alias(Manager, 'createNamespaces')
        });

        /**
         * Old name for {@link Ext#widget}.
         * @deprecated 4.0.0 Use {@link Ext#widget} instead.
         * @method createWidget
         * @member Ext
         */
        Ext.createWidget = Ext.widget;

        /**
         * Convenient alias for {@link Ext#namespace Ext.namespace}.
         * @inheritdoc Ext#namespace
         * @member Ext
         * @method ns
         */
        Ext.ns = Ext.namespace;

        Class.registerPreprocessor('className', function(cls, data) {
            if (data.$className) {
                cls.$className = data.$className;
                //<debug>
                cls.displayName = cls.$className;
                //</debug>
            }
        }, true, 'first');

        Class.registerPreprocessor('alias', function(cls, data) {
            var prototype = cls.prototype,
                xtypes = arrayFrom(data.xtype),
                aliases = arrayFrom(data.alias),
                widgetPrefix = 'widget.',
                widgetPrefixLength = widgetPrefix.length,
                xtypesChain = Array.prototype.slice.call(prototype.xtypesChain || []),
                xtypesMap = Ext.merge({}, prototype.xtypesMap || {}),
                i, ln, alias, xtype;

            for (i = 0,ln = aliases.length; i < ln; i++) {
                alias = aliases[i];

                //<debug error>
                if (typeof alias != 'string' || alias.length < 1) {
                    throw new Error("[Ext.define] Invalid alias of: '" + alias + "' for class: '" + name + "'; must be a valid string");
                }
                //</debug>

                if (alias.substring(0, widgetPrefixLength) === widgetPrefix) {
                    xtype = alias.substring(widgetPrefixLength);
                    Ext.Array.include(xtypes, xtype);
                }
            }

            cls.xtype = data.xtype = xtypes[0];
            data.xtypes = xtypes;

            for (i = 0,ln = xtypes.length; i < ln; i++) {
                xtype = xtypes[i];

                if (!xtypesMap[xtype]) {
                    xtypesMap[xtype] = true;
                    xtypesChain.push(xtype);
                }
            }

            data.xtypesChain = xtypesChain;
            data.xtypesMap = xtypesMap;

            Ext.Function.interceptAfter(data, 'onClassCreated', function() {
                var mixins = prototype.mixins,
                    key, mixin;

                for (key in mixins) {
                    if (mixins.hasOwnProperty(key)) {
                        mixin = mixins[key];

                        xtypes = mixin.xtypes;

                        if (xtypes) {
                            for (i = 0,ln = xtypes.length; i < ln; i++) {
                                xtype = xtypes[i];

                                if (!xtypesMap[xtype]) {
                                    xtypesMap[xtype] = true;
                                    xtypesChain.push(xtype);
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
            });

            for (i = 0,ln = xtypes.length; i < ln; i++) {
                xtype = xtypes[i];

                //<debug error>
                if (typeof xtype != 'string' || xtype.length < 1) {
                    throw new Error("[Ext.define] Invalid xtype of: '" + xtype + "' for class: '" + name + "'; must be a valid non-empty string");
                }
                //</debug>

                Ext.Array.include(aliases, widgetPrefix + xtype);
            }

            data.alias = aliases;

        }, ['xtype', 'alias']);

    }(Ext.Class, Ext.Function.alias, Array.prototype.slice, Ext.Array.from, Ext.global));