# JTS TOPOLOGY SUITE
Version History

This document lists the change history of release versions of the JTS Topology Suite.

Further information on JTS can be found at Tsusiat Software's JTS pages.

The current and archived JTS distributions can be obtained at the SourceForge JTS site.

## Version 1.13

Release Date: ????

### Functionality Improvements

- Changed `GeometryFactory.createGeometry()` to make a deep copy of the argument Geometry, using the CoordinateSequenceFactory of the factory
- Added ability to specify a dimension in `CoordinateArraySequence`
- Changed `Geometry.getEnvelopeInternal()` to return a copy of the cached envelope, to prevent modification
- Added `GeometryEditor.CoordinateSequenceOperation` to allow easy editing of constituent CoordinateSequences
- Added `GeometryFactory.createPolygon` convenience methods which do not require holes to be specified
- `Geometry` overlay methods now return empty results as atomic types of appropriate dimension
- Added `RectangleLineIntersector` to provide efficient rectangle-line intersection testing
- Added `getOrdinate` and `setOrdinate` to `Coordinate`
- `Quadtree` is `Serializable`
- `STRtree` is `Serializable`
- Added `max`, `average` and `wrap` functions to MathUtil
- Improved `WKTReader` parse error reporting to report input line of error
- Improved `WKBReader` to repair structurally-invalid input
- Made `TopologyPreservingSimplifier` thread-safe
- Added `AbstractSTRtree.isEmpty()` method
- Added `QuadTree.isEmpty()` method
- Added `KdTree.isEmpty()` method
- Added decimation and duplicate point removal to ShapeWriter`.`
- `ScaledNoder` now preserves Z values of input
- Added instance methods for all Triangle static methods
- Added `CGAlgorithmsDD` containing high-precision versions of some basic CG algorithms
- Added `IntersectionMatrix.isTrue()` method for testing IM pattern matches
- Added `getRawCoordinates` methods to `PackedCoordinateSequence` concrete classes
- Modified `Geometry.isSimple()` to explicity check for simplicity for all types, and support `GeometryCollections`
- Improved `MCIndexSnapRounder` to add nodes only where they are necessary
- Added `CoordinateArrays.removeNull()` method
- Enhanced `GeometryEditor` to handle null geometries returned from operation
- Added `WKBHExFileReader`
- Added `Distance3D` operation

### Performance Improvements

- Simplified & improved performance of `RectangleIntersects` by using new `RectangleLineIntersector`
- In `RandomPointsInGridBuilder` eliminated redundant `ArrayList` usage
- In `PreparedPolygonIntersects` and `PreparedLineStringIntersects` added check to avoid creating segment index if all test inputs are points
- In `AbstractSTRtree` switched to using indexed list access for better performance than using iterators
- In `AbstractSTRtree` freed inserted item array after index is built
- Improved performance of `Polygonizer` for cases with many potential holes
- Improved performance for some `DD` methods by making them `final`
- Added fast filter for `CGAlgorithmsDD.orientationIndex`, and switched to self-operations for DD determinant
- Changed `STRtree.createNode()` to use a static class for nodes
- Changed `QuadTree Node` to use scalar x and y variables rather than a `Coordinate` to reduce memory allocation
- Fixed `PreparedGeometry` concrete classes to be thread-safe.
- Fixed `SortedPackedIntervalRTree` so that it is thread-safe.

### Robustness Improvements

- Switched to using DD extended-precision arithmetic to compute orientation predicate
- `CGAlgorithms.distanceLineLine()` improved to be more robust and performant
- Fixed robustness issue causing `Empty Stack` failure in `ConvexHull` for some nearly collinear inputs
- `CGAlgorithms.signedArea()` uses a more accurate algorithm

### Bug Fixes

- Fixed `Geometry.equalsExact()` to avoid NPE when comparing empty and non-empty `Point`s
- Fixed `CascadedPolygonUnion` to discard non-polygonal components created during unioning, to avoid failures and provide more desirable behaviour
- Fixed `CentralEndpointIntersector` to initialize result correctly
- Fixed `DelaunayTriangulationBuilder.extractUniqueCoordinates(Geometry)` to avoid mutating the vertex order of the input Geometry
- Fixed `ConformingDelaunayTriangulationBuilder` to allow non-disjoint site and constraint vertex sets
- Fixed `RandomPointsInGridBuilder` point generation to use circle constraint correctly
- Fixed Linear Referencing API to handle MultiLineStrings consistently, by always using the lowest possible index value, and by trimming zero-length components from results
- Fixed bug in `LocationIndexedLine` and `LengthIndexLine` which was causing an assertion failure when the indexOfAfter() method was called with a constraint location which is at the end of the line
- Fixed bug in `STRtree.query(Envelope, ItemVisitor)` causing an NPE when tree is empty
- Fixed issue with creating zero-length edges during buffer topology building under fixed precision, by: adding filter to remove zero-length edges; using a better estimate of scale factor for reducing to fixed precision after initial failure.
- Fixed `TopologyPreservingSimplifier` to return a valid result for closed `LineString`s with large distance tolerances
- Fixed `TopologyPreservingSimplifier` to return an empty result for an empty input
- Fixed `DouglasPeuckerSimplifier` to return an empty result for an empty input
- Fixed `MinimumBoundingCircle` to correctly compute circle for obtuse triangles.
- Fixd `GeometryPrecisionReducer` to use input GeometryFactory when polygon topology is fixed
- Fixed `GeometryNoder` bug that was failing to snap to end vertices of lines
- Fixed `Geometry.getCentroid()` and `Geometry.getInteriorPoint()` to return `POINT EMPTY` for empty inputs
- Fixed `DelaunayTriangulationBuilder` to correctly extract unique points
- Fixed `KdTree` to correctly handle inserting duplicate points into an empty tree
- Fixed `LineSegment.projectionFactor()` to handle zero-length lines (by returning Double.POSITIVE_INFINITY)
- Fixed `LocationIndexedLine` to handle locations on zero-length lines
- Fixed `LengthIndexedLine` and `LocationIndexedLine` to handle `indexOfAfter()` correctly
- Fixed `WKBReader` to handle successive geometrys with different endianness
- Fixed `GeometricShapeFactory` to correctly handle setting the centre point
- Fixed `GeometryFactory.createMultiPoint(CoordinateSequence)` to handle sequences of dimension > 3

### API Changes

- Changed visibility of `TaggedLineStringSimplifier` back to `public` due to user demand

### Testing

- Added Performance Testing framework (`PerformanceTestRunner` and `PerformanceTestCase`)
- Added named predicate tests to all Relate test cases

### Contributors

- Peter Hopfgartner - improved area computation
- Michael Michaud - snap-rounding improvements

### JTS TestBuilder

### Functionality Improvements

- Added segment index visualization styling
- Improved Geometry Inspector
- Added stream digitizing for Polygon and LineString tools
- Added output of Test Case XML with WKB
- Added Extract Component tool
- Added Delete Vertices Or Components tool
- Added Geometry Edit Panel pop-up menu, with operations
- Added Halton sequence functions
- Added sorting functions
- Added function for selection of first N components
- Added CGAlgorithms functions
- Added ability to paste and load multiple WKBHex geometries

### Performance Improvements

- Using decimation substantially improves rendering time for large geometries.

### Bug Fixes

- Fixed bug in saving XML test files

## Version 1.12

Release Date: June 30, 2011

### Functionality Improvements

- Added new names for methods for computing `Geometry` equality:
- `equals(Object)` is a synonym for `equalsExact(Geometry)`
- `equalsNorm(Geometry)` automatically normalizes the operands
- `equalsTopo(Geometry)` computes topological equality, and is a synonym for the original `equals(Geometry)`

- Added `Geometry.norm()` to provide non-mutating normalization
- Added `Geometry.hashCode()` to fulfill Java conventions
- Added `LineIntersector.getEndpoint()` method
- Added methods to `CoordinateSequences` to test for and create valid rings
- Added `minExtent` and `maxExtent` to `Envelope`
- Added ability to compute Single-Sided Buffers (invoked via `BufferOp` and `BufferParameters`)
- Added `GeometryPrecisionReducer`
- Added ExtendedWKB SRID support to `WKBWriter` (thanks to Justin Deoliviera)
- Improved `PolygonShape` to support floating-point coordinates
- Added `GeometryShapeFactory.setRotation(double radians)` method
- Added `GeometricShapeBuilder` API to support shape builder development
- Added `RandomPointsBuilder` to allow generating various random point sets
- Added `RandomPointsInGridBuilder` to allow generating various random point sets constrained to a grid
- Added `KochSnowflakeBuilder`
- Added `SierpinskiCarpetBuilder`
- Added `MathUtil` containing mathematics and numerical utility functions
- Added `Vector2D` class providing vector operations
- Added `DirectedEdgeStar.getNextCWEdge()` method to `planargraph` API
- `AffineTransformation` enhanced to avoid numeric precision issues in case of reflection in X=Y (coordinate flipping)
- Added `LineSequencer.sequence()` static convenience method
- Added error indicators to `BufferDistanceValidator` and `BufferResultValidator`
- Added `MinimumClearance` class
- Added `nearestNeighbours` methods to `STRtree`

  ### Performance Improvements

  - Improved memory performance of `ShapeWriter` conversions (by tuning coordinate and polygon conversion)
  - Improved performance of `RectangleIntersects` by refining `SegmentIntersectionTester`

  ### Robustness Improvements

  - Delaunay triangulation uses more robust formulation for the inCircle test
  - Voronoi computation now uses more robust formulation for the circumcentre computation
  - Force `RectangleIntersects` to always use segment-scanning to improve robustness

  ### API Changes

  - Reduced visibility of internal classes in `com.vividsolutions.jts.geom.prep`
  - Reduced visibility of internal classes in `com.vividsolutions.jts.simplify`
  - Moved `Matrix` class into `jts.math` package
  - Refactored internal offset curve generation classes in `com.vividsolutions.jts.operation.buffer` package

  ### Bug Fixes

  - Fixed `CoordinateArraySequence` and `PackedCoordinateSequence` to correctly handle Z ordinate in `getCoordinate(int, Coordinate)`
  - Fixed `LinearRing` to have `isClosed()` return `true` for empty rings
  - Fixed `Geometry.union()` to use more robust union algorithm. This provides behaviour consistent with `union(Geometry)`.
  - Fixed `Point.isValid()` to validate POINT EMPTY correctly
  - Fixed `SnapIfNeededOverlayOp` to throw the originating exception,which contains meaningful coordinates
  - Fixed `GeometrySnapper` to allow final vertices of LineStrings to snap correctly
  - Fixed buffer (`OffsetCurveSetBuilder`) to handle "flat" rings correctly
  - Fixed `IsValidOp` to handle reporting "Not Closed" errors on empty rings correctly
  - Fixed `NestedRingTester` (used by `IsValidOp`) to correctly handle the case where a hole touches all the vertices of another hole (which is invalid)
  - Fixed `ConvexHull` to handle large geometries with fewer than 3 unique points
  - Fixed `GeometryGraph` to ignore empty hole rings when building graph
  - Fixed `LineMerger` to skip lines with only a single unique coordinate
  - Fixed `ByteArrayInStream` to pad byte buffers with zeroes
  - Corrected spelling of `SquarePointShapeFactory`
  - Fixed tolerance check in `KdTree`
  - Updated `MasterTester` to include more unit tests

  ### JTS TestBuilder

  ### Functionality Improvements

  - Added `[Zoom To Result]` button
  - Improved mark display, with floating point label
  - Added more random geometry creation functions
  - Added fractal geometry creation functions
  - Improved threaded rendering handling to ensure only one frame drawn
  - Added Magnify Topology capability
  - Added Geometry Inspector dialog
  - Better startup script, with auto-home directory detection and JTS_LIB_DIR environment variable (thanks to strk)
  - Added logging Info window behaviour
  - Improved saving PNG to allow specifying file name

  ### Bug Fixes

  - Fixed Stats panel to update when current test changes
  - Fixed deleting single test case

  ## Version 1.11

  Release Date: March 1, 2010

  ### Functionality Improvements

  - Added `CoordinateArrays.isRing`
  - Added `CGAlgorithms.signedArea(CoordinateSequence)`
  - Added `CoordinateArrays.copyDeep(...)` method to copy sections of arrays
  - Added `CoordinateList.add(Coordinate[], boolean, int, int)` method to add sections of arrays
  - Added `LineSegment.toGeometry()`, `LineSegment.lineIntersection()()`
  - Added `LineSegment.hashCode()`
  - Added geometric similarity classes (`HausdorffSimilarityMeasure`, `AreaSimilarityMeasure`)
  - Added `MinimumDiameter.getMinimumRectangle()`
  - Added `MinimumBoundingCircle` class
  - Added `Densifier` class
  - Added triangulation API, including `QuadEdgeSubdivision`, `IncrementalDelaunayTriangulator`, `ConformingDelaunayTriangulator` and supporting classes
  - Added `VoronoiDiagramBuilder` to perform Voronoi diagram generation
  - Added `scaleInstance(scaleX, scaleY, x, y)` to `AffineTransformation`
  - Added `AffineTransformationFactory` to allow generating transformations from various kinds of control inputs
  - Added `BinTree.remove()` method
  - Fixed `BinTree.query()` to allow null interval arguments
  - Added `ShapeReader` API to convert Java2D Shapes into JTS Geometry
  - Added `ShapeWriter` API to convert JTS geometry into Java2D Shapes
  - Added `FontGlyphReader` API to render Java2D text font glyphs into geometry
  - Added `SdeReader` to jtsio library
  - Added `Debug` break methods
  - Added `Memory` utility for reporting memory statistics
  - Added `ObjectCounter` utility for counting objects
  - Added `createSquircle` and `createSuperCircle` to `GeometricShapeFactory`

  ### Performance Improvements

  - Improved performance of `Geometry.getArea()` and `Geometry.getLength()` when used with custom `CoordinateSequence`s

  ### API Changes

  - Deprecated `WKBWriter.bytesToHex` in favour of `WKBWriter.toHex` to regularize and simplify method name

  ### Bug Fixes

  - Fixed Point.isValid() to check for invalid coordinates (ie with Nan ordinates)
  - Fixed `Geometry.distance()` and `DistanceOp` to return 0.0 for empty inputs
  - Fixed `Buffer` to handle degenerate polygons with too few distinct points correctly
  - Added illegal state check in `LineSegment.pointAlongOffset()`
  - Fixed exception strategy in `BufferSubgraph` to handle certain robustness failures correctly
  - Fixed robustness problem in `OffsetCurveBuilder` in computing mitred joins for nearly parallel segments
  - Fixed minor bug in `BufferInputLineSimplifier` which prevented simplification of some situations
  - Fixed bug in `BufferInputLineSimplifier` which caused over-simplification for large tolerances
  - Fixed bug in `Angle.normalizePositive` to handle values > 2PI correctly
  - Fixed `WKTWriter` to emit correct syntax for MULTIPOINTs
  - Fixed `WKTReader` to accept correct syntax for MULTIPOINTs
  - `CGAlgorithms.isCCW` now checks for too few points in the ring and throws an `IllegalArgumentException`
  - Fixed bug in `AffineTransformation#eqals` (logic bug)
  - Fixed bug in `CoordinateList#closeRing` (cloning closing Coordinate)

  ### JTS TestBuilder

  ### Functionality Improvements

  - WKT input is cleaned automatically when loaded (illegal chars are removed)
  - Added WKT-Formatted option to Test Case View dialog
  - Many new geometry functions added
  - Geometry functions are displayed in tree
  - Geometry functions can be implemented as Java static class methods.
  - Geometry function classes can be loaded dynamically from command-line
  - Improved handling of very large geometry inputs and results
  - Threaded rendering allows display of very large geometries without limiting usability
  - Added Draw Rectangle tool
  - Added Drag-n-drop loading of .SHP files
  - Added Info tool to provide persistent display of geometry point/segment information
  - Added display of memory usage

  ## Version 1.10

  Release Date: December 31, 2008

  ### Functionality Improvements

  - Added `Geometry.reverse()` method for all geometry types
  - Added `setSrsName`, `setNamespace`, `setCustomRootElements` methods to `GMLWriter`
  - Added `Envelope.getArea` method
  - Added `copy`, `copyCoord` methods to `CoordinateSequences`
  - Added `area` method to `Envelope`
  - Added `extractPoint(pt, offset)` methods to `LengthIndexedLine` and `LocationIndexedLine`
  - Added `CoordinatePrecisionReducerFilter`
  - Added `UnaryUnionOp(Collection, GeometryFactory)` constructor to handle empty inputs more automatically
  - Added `DiscreteHausdorffDistance` class
  - Made `LineMerger` able to be called incrementally
  - Added `GeometricShapeFactory.createArcPolygon` to create a polygonal arc
  - Enhanced `Geometry.buffer()` to preserve SRID

  ### Performance Improvements

  - Improved performance for `EdgeList` (by using a more efficient technique for detecting duplicate edges)
  - Improved performance for `ByteArrayInStream` (by avoiding use of `java.io.ByteArrayInputStream`)
  - Unrolled intersection computation in `HCoordinate` to avoid object allocation
  - Improved performance for buffering via better offset curve generation and simplification.
  - Improved performance for `IsValidOp` by switching to use `STRtree` for nested hole checking

  ### Bug Fixes

  - Fixed `Geometry.getClassSortIndex()` to lazily initialize the sorted class list. This fixes a threading bug.
  - Fixed `RectangleContains` to return correct result for points on the boundary of the rectangle
  - Fixed error in `com.vividsolutions.jts.simplify.LineSegmentIndex` which caused polygons simplified using `TopologyPreservingSimplifier` to be invalid in certain situations
  - Fixed error in `DouglasPeuckerSimplifier` which caused empty polygons to be returned when they contained a very small hole
  - Fixed `PackedCoordinateSequence` to return `NaN` for null ordinate values
  - Fixed `Geometry.centroid()` (`CentroidArea`) so that it handles degenerate (zero-area) polygons
  - Fixed `Geometry.buffer()` (`OffsetCurveBuilder`) so that it handles JOIN_MITRE cases with nearly collinear lines correctly
  - Fixed `GeometryFactory.toGeometry(Envelope)` to return a CW polygon
  - Fixed `UnaryUnionOp` to correctly handle heterogeneous inputs with P/L/A components
  - Fixed `UnaryUnionOp` to accept `LINEARRING`s
  - Fixed `CentroidArea` to handle zero-area polygons correctly
  - Fixed `WKBWriter` to always output 3D when requested, and to handle 2D `PackedCoordinateSequences` correctly in this case
  - Fixed `NodedSegmentString` to handle zero-length line segments correctly (via `safeOctant`)
  - Cleaned up code to remove unneeded `CGAlgorithms` objects
  - Fixed `GeometricShapeFactory.createArc` to ensure arc has requested number of vertices

  ### API Changes

  - Moved GML I/O classes into core JTS codebase
  - Changed `GMLWriter` to not write the `srsName` attribute by default
  - In `DistanceOp` switched to using `nearestPoints` method names
  - Exposed `STRtree.getRoot()` method

  ### JTS TestBuilder

  ### UI Improvements

  - Added ability to read GML from input panel
  - Added GML output to View dialog
  - Added file drag'n'drop to Geometry Input text areas
  - Add display of computation time
  - Added Stats panel
  - Added Scalar functions panel, with extensible function list
  - Added Save as PNG...
  - Added stream digitizing to Polygon and Line Draw tools

  ### JTS TestRunner

  ### Functionality Improvements

  - Added `-testCaseIndex` command-line option

  ## Version 1.9

  Release Date: January 2, 2008

  ### Functionality Improvements

  - Added `Polygonal`, `Lineal`, `Puntal` tag interfaces to better categorize geometry classes
  - Added `Geometry.union()` method, `UnaryUnionOp` class for efficient unioning of geometrys
  - Added `Triangle.area3D` method
  - Added `LineSegment.pointAlongOffset` method
  - Added `LineSegment.orientationIndex(Coordinate)` method
  - Added `PreparedGeometry` classes and methods to optimize some geometry functions in batch situations
  - Added `Envelope.covers` methods, for preciseness
  - Added `OctagonalEnvelope` class
  - Improved `CGAlgorithms.isPointInRing` method to handle case where point lies on the ring
  - Added `CGAlgorithms.locatePointInRing` method
  - Added `PointInAreaLocator` interface, enhanced `SimplePointInAreaLocator` to extend this
  - Added `RayCrossingCounter`, `IndexedPointInAreaLocator` classes for more efficient Point-In-Polygon testing
  - Added `GeometryCombiner` class
  - Enhanced `BufferOp` with join styles
  - Enhanced `WKTReader` to accept any case for `NaN` number symbols
  - Added `WKTFileReader` class
  - Improved performance of `CoordinateList` constructors
  - Added `CascadedPolygonUnion` class
  - Added `LinearLocation.isOnSameSegment` method
  - Added `LinearLocation.getSegment` method
  - Added `LocationIndexedLine.indexOfAfter` method
  - Added interpolation of Z value to linear referencing methods
  - Added methods to rotate around a given point to `AffineTransformation`
  - Allowed `GeometricShapeFactory` to be subclassed to add new shapes
  - Added `SineStarFactory` (primarily to support testing)
  - Added `SortedPackedIntervalRTree` class
  - Added `SegmentSetMutualIntersector` interface and implementations
  - Added `Node.remove(DirectedEdge)` method in `planargraph` package

  ### Performance Improvements

  - Improved performance for `SimplePointInAreaLocator` (by checking ring envelopes as a filter)

  ### Bug Fixes

  - `Geometry.buffer` operation fixed to always return polygonal geometries
  - Fixed bug in `Geometry.buffer(distance, quadrantSegs)` causing failure for some cases with `quadrantSegs = 1`
  - Fixed bug in `GeometryFactory.toGeometry(Envelope)` which was returning invalid Polygons for "linear" envelopes
  - Fixed bug in `MonotoneChainBuilder` which caused failures in situations with segments of zero length
  - Fixed `PointLocator` to handle locating in Point geometries
  - Fixed `GeometricShapeFactory` to always use provided PrecisionModel
  - Fixed `LinearLocation.clone` method
  - Fixed `LinearLocation.isValid` method
  - Fixed `Polygonizer` to accept single-point linestrings (which are ignored)

  ### API Changes

  - Deprecated `RobustCGAlgorithms`
  - Deprecated `BufferOp` cap style constants (these are now provided in BufferParameters)
  - Removed `SIRPointInRing`

  ### JTS TestRunner

  ### New Features

  - Added ability to specify GeometryOperation in XML file
  - Added `BufferValidatedGeometryOperation`
  - Added ability to specify custom result matching via `resultMatcher` parameter in XML files
  - Added `BufferResultMatcher`

  ### JTS TestBuilder

  ### UI Improvements

  - Improved rendering of geometries
  - Improved symbology for orientation
  - Simplified Geometry creation
  - Improved vertex move/add
  - Added tooltip for coordinate location
  - Added more geometry functions
  - Added Copy Result to Test button

  ### Code Improvements

  - Restructured code for more flexibility, better Swing functionality
  - Made it easier to add geometry functions

  ## Version 1.8

  Release Date: December 19, 2006

  ### Functionality Improvements

  - Improved robustness for overlay operations, via using geometry snapping
  - Added `Angle` class
  - Added methods to `Triangle` class
  - Added `LineSegment.midPoint` method
  - Added ability to specify output of Z values to `WKTWriter`
  - Added `setFormatted`, `setTab`, `setMaxCoordinatesPerLine` methods to `WKTWriter`
  - Added `BoundaryNodeRule` classes, and ability to specify a Boundary Node Rule in `RelateOp`, `IsSimpleOp`, `BoundaryOp`
  - Added ability to get the failure location to `IsSimpleOp`
  - Added `BoundaryOp` with improved algorithm for lineal geometries. Changed lineal Geometry classes to use it.
  - Enhanced `Geometry` overlay methods to accept empty `GeometryCollections.`
  - Enhanced Error Handling for `WKTReader`
  - Added `CoordinateSequenceFilter`
  - Added `AffineTransformation` and `AffineTransformationBuilder`

  ### API Changes

  - Changed API for `IsSimpleOp` (required to support returning failure location)

  ### Bug Fixes

  - Fixed bug in `GeometryFactory.buildGeometry` causing failure if input contained all GeometryCollections of the same subclass
  - Changed AssertFailure to TopologyException in `PolygonBuilder`
  - Improved correctness of `RobustLineIntersector` in certain cases where segment endpoints intersect
  - Eliminated duplicate method execution in `TestRunner`

  ### JTS TestBuilder

  ### New Features

  - Zoom tool can now draw zoom box as well as click
  - Cut, Copy and Paste buttons for Input WKT
  - added ability to specify custom Geometry Operations

  ### JTS TestRunner

  ### New Features

  - added ability to specify custom Geometry Operations

  ### Bug Fixes

  - Eliminated duplicate method execution

  ## Version 1.7.2

  Release Date: June 22, 2006

  ### Functionality Improvements

  - Added support for EWKB (SRIDs only) to `WKBReader`

  ### Bug Fixes

  - Fixed bug in `CoordinateArrays.ptNotInList`. Changed `polygonize.EdgeRing` to used corrected code.
  - Fixed bug causing duplicate points in `ScaledNoder`
  - Fixed bug causing Null Pointer for empty geometries in `OraWriter`
  - Changed AssertFailure to TopologyException in `EdgeNode`

  ## Version 1.7.1

  Release Date: March 20, 2006

  ### Functionality Improvements

  - Added Hex string conversion to `WKBReader` and `WKBWriter`

  ### Bug Fixes

  - Fixed null point cloning bug in `TopologyValidationError` (thanks to Markus Gebhard)
  - Fixed bug in `PointLocator` fix for LinearRings
  - Fixed bug in `Geometry.isValid` and `IsValidOp` causing some valid polygons to be reported as having a Disconnected Interior (specifically, polygons containing holes touching at a single point, where the point is the highest point in the hole rings, and where the holes have a specific orientation)
  - Fixed bug in `Polygon.isRectangle`, which reported some valid rectangles as false

  ### Performance Improvements

  - Improved performance for `Geometry#withinDistance` (via short-circuiting)

  ### Contributors

  - Dave Blasby
  - Koen van Dijken

  ## Version 1.7

  Release Date: December 7, 2005

  ### Functionality Improvements

  - Added `JTSVersion` class to provide access to the API version information
  - Added `covers` and `coveredBy` predicates to `Geometry`
  - Added `Geometry#buffer(distance, quadSegs, endCapStyle)` method to expose buffer end cap styles
  - Added `LineString#reverse` and `MultiLineString#reverse` methods
  - Added `centre`, `intersection`, `translate`, `expandBy(distance)`, `expandBy(dx, dy)` methods to `Envelope`
  - Added `CollectionUtil` class for performing operations over collections
  - Added `CoordinateArrays` comparators
  - Added `CoordinateSequence#getDimension`
  - Added convenience methods `toPoint` and `toLineString` to `WKTWriter`
  - Added WKB API (`WKBReader` and `WKBWriter` classes in `com.vividsolutions.jts.io`
  - `WKTReader` has better handling of numeric parsing, including support for scientific notation
  - Added `IsValidOp#setSelfTouchingRingFormingHoleValid` to allow validating SDE-style polygons
  - Added check for non-closed rings in `IsValidOp`
  - Added Linear Referencing API (`com.vividsolutions.jts.linearref`
  - Added `LineSequencer` class to `com.vividsolutions.jts.operation.linemerge`
  - Added `Subgraph` class to `com.vividsolutions.jts.planargraph`
  - Added `isRemoved` method to `GraphComponent`
  - Added `ConnectedSubgraphFinder` class to `com.vividsolutions.jts.planargraph.algorithm`
  - Added `setVisited`, `getComponentWithVisitedState`, `setVisited`, `getComponentWithVisitedState` methods to `com.vividsolutions.jts.planargraph.GraphComponent`
  - Added classes to perform Snap Rounding (in `com.vividsolutions.jts.noding.snapround`>
  - Improved buffering speed and robustness by using Snap Rounding
  - Added buffer optimization for results with large numbers of polygons and/or holes
  - Added `STRtree#query(Envelope, ItemVisitor)` method
  - Added `Debug#toLine` methods
  - Added `ConvexHull(Coordinate[])` constructor

  ### Bug Fixes

  - Fixed decimal formatting in `WKTWriter` to force a leading 0 in decimal numbers
  - Fixed bug in `CoordinateArraySequence#setOrdinate`
  - Fixed bug when checking validity of polygon with hole (`IsValidOp#checkHolesInShell`)
  - Improved correctness of computated intersections in `RobustLineIntersector`
  - Fixed bugs in `CoordinateList.clone` (thanks to Matthias Bobzien)
  - Fixed bug in `Envelope.equals` (thanks to John Cartwright)
  - Fixed `PointLocator` for LinearRings

  ### Performance Improvements

  - Improved performance for overlay operations (point inclusion, identical edge detection)
  - Improved Convex Hull performance

  ### API Changes

  - Added `SpatiaIndex#query(Envelope, ItemVisitor)` method signature
  - Added `CoordinateSequence#getDimension()` method signature
  - Marked `GeometryEditor.CoordinateOperation#edit(Geometry, GeometryFactory)` method as `final`, to prevent incorrect use

  ### Semantics Changes

  - CoordinateArraySequence#setOrdinate now checks that the ordinate index is in range

  ## Version 1.6

  Release Date: February 3, 2005

  ### API Changes

  - Changed to using `CoordinateArraySequence` instead of `DefaultCoordinateSequence` (to provide a more descriptive name).

  ### Semantics Changes

  - PrecisionModel#makePrecise changed to use Symmetric Arithmetic Rounding rather than Banker's Rounding

  ### Functionality Improvements

  - Added ability to enable `Debug` methods by setting a system property
  - Added `getNumGeometries` and `getGeometryN` methods to Geometry class, to make API more uniform
  - Improved API for `CoordinateSequence` allows more options for improving memory usage and handling custom coordinate storage methods
  - Added `PackedCoordinateSequence` to provide reduced memory footprint for geometry objects if desired
  - Added optimized spatial predicates for rectangles
  - Added Debug#isDebugging method

  ### Bug Fixes

  - Fixed bug in `Geometry#within()` short circuiting
  - Fixed bug causing `Geometry#isValid` to throw IllegalArgumentException for certain kinds of holes with invalid rings
  - Fixed bug causing redundant linestrings to be returned in the result of overlaying polygons containing holes touching their shell.
  - `Polygon#getBoundary` now returns a `LinearRing` if the polygon does not have holes

  ### Architecture Changes

  - Removed a proliferation of references to the default `CoordinateSequenceFactory`

  ### Contributors

  - Andrea Aime

  ## Version 1.5

  Release Date: September 22, 2004

  This version is upwards compatible with Version 1.4

  ### API Changes

  - None

  ### Semantics Changes

  - None

  ### Functionality Improvements

  - `CGAlgorithms#isCCW` now handles coordinate lists with repeated points. Also throws an IllegalArgumentException if the input ring does not have 3 distinct points
  - `isValid` now checks for invalid coordinates (e.g. ones with Nan or infinite numbers)
  - added copyDeep() method to `CoordinateArrays`
  - added geometry simplification operations `DouglasPeuckerSimplifier` and `TopologyPreservingSimplifier`
  - added methods to `Quadtree` and `STRtree` to remove items and query using the Visitor pattern

  ### Performance Improvements

  - Added short-circuit tests in geometry named predicates based on envelope tests

  ### Bug Fixes

  - Fixed bugs in `Geometry` serialization
  - Fixed bug in `ValidOp` which reported some MultiPolygons with shells nested inside a hole as invalid
  - Fixed bug in buffer which caused buffers of some polygons with small & large holes to not contain any holes
  - Fixed bug in `Polygonizer` which caused exception if no lines were supplied

  ### Architecture Changes

  - Basic CG algorithm methods made static in the `CGAlgorithms` class
  - Various utility methods made public in `CoordinateArrays` class

  ### Documentation

  - More examples provided in `com.vividsolutions.jtsexamples package`

  ## Version 1.4

  Release Date: November 4, 2003

  ### Semantics Changes

  - none

  ### Functionality Improvements

  - Added "LINEARRING" tag to WKT syntax
  - Added GeometryEditor class to allow easy copy/modify of Geometrys
  - Added GeometricShapeFactory class to easily create standard geometric shapes
  - Geometries can now carry arbitrary user-defined data objects (via Geometry#get/setUserData(Object) method)
  - Added CoordinateSequence and CoordinateSequenceFactory interfaces, and default implementations (BasicCoordinateSequence, BasicCoordinateSequenceFactory)
  - Added Geometry#getFactory
  - Added new PrecisionModel type of FLOATING_SINGLE, for rounding to single precision floating point
  - Added DistanceOp#getClosestPoints method, which returns the closest points between two Geometries
  - Added com.vividsolutions.jts.noding package containing classes to perform fast indexed noding of linestrings
  - Added com.vividsolutions.jts.operation.polygonize package containing classes to perform polygonization
  - Added com.vividsolutions.jts.operation.linemerge package containing classes to perform line merging
  - Added SimpleGeometryPrecisionReducer to allow reducing precision of coordinates of a Geometry
  - Added LineSegment#closestPoints method to compute the closest points between two line segments
  - Added MinimumDiameter class to compute minimum diameters of Geometries
  - Added geom.Triangle class to contain algorithms for Triangles
  - BufferOp now allows end cap styles to be specified. Three types are supported: round, butt and square.

  ### Performance Improvements

  - EdgeList now provides a findEqualEdge method which is substantially faster than findEdgeIndex, for large lists
  - Buffering is now faster and much more robust
  - Overlap operations are now more robust

  ### Bug Fixes

  - Envelope#init(Envelope) now handles null Envelopes correctly
  - CoordinateList#add() now correctly ignores the z-value of Coordinates in determining equality
  - Geometry#isValid now correctly handles checking validity of LinearRings
  - Fixed infinite loop bug causing Out Of Memory errors during polygon intersection
  - Geometry#clone now correctly clones the Geometry's Envelope
  - LineIntersector#computeEdgeDistance now correctly computes a non-zero edge distance in certain situations when a fixed precision model was being used and the line segment was a single unit in length
  - Fixed incorrect calculation of depths in DirectedEdgeStar#computeDepths
  - Fixed BufferSubgraph#addReachable to use explicit stack to avoid stack overflow problems
  - Fixed various bugs causing some kinds of buffers to be computed incorrectly

  ### API Changes

  - WKTReader/Writer: changed protected members to private
  - PrecisionModel type is now an object rather than an int
  - ConvexHull API changed to remove requirement to pass in CGAlgorithms object

  ### Code Architecture Changes

  - geom.util package added for utility classes which parse and modify geometries

  ### Documentation

  - More examples provided in com.vividsolutions.jtsexamples package
  - Added JTS Developers Guide

  ## Version 1.3

  Release Date: April 4, 2003

  ### Semantics Changes

  - all Geometry methods are now reentrant (thread-safe)
  - Fixed-precision coordinates are now stored in a rounded but non-scaled form. This makes them compatible with non-precise (Floating) coordinates, and simplifies working with precise coordinates directly. Mixed precision models are now supported in Geometry methods; method results are in the more precise of the input precision models.
  - Offsets are no longer supported in the Fixed precision model. This is necessary to allow storing fixed precision coordinates in a non-scaled form. This does not reduce the total precision available, since coordinates are stored in a floating-point format.
  - SRID and Precision Model are no longer checked for equality during Geometry operations. This removes a limitation which provided little semantic benefit.

  ### Functionality Improvements

  - added Geometry.isWithinDistance(Geometry g, double distance) method, to provide optimized proximity queries
  - added Geometry.buffer(double distance, int quadrantSegments) method, allowing control over accuracy of buffer approximation
  - added Geometry.getCentroid() method
  - added Geometry.getInteriorPoint() method, which uses heuristic methods to return a point in the interior of a Geometry
  - GeometryFactory.toGeometryArray now returns null if the argument is null

  ### Performance Improvements

  - Removed unnecessary string construction in EdgeEndStar.propagateSideLabels()
  - Eliminated unnecessary computation of self-intersections in rings during relate and spatial functions. This provides a large increase in speed when working with large rings and polygons. (Note that IsValid still checks for these self-intersections, which are illegal in LinearRings)
  - Add short-circuit code to RobustLineIntersector to detect non-intersections more efficiently

  ### Bug Fixes

  - Fixed ClassCastException occurring in GeometryCollection.getLength()
  - Fixed bug in Edge Intersection insertion (replaced Coordinate#equals with equals2D to ensure that intersection creation is not sensitive to Z-value).
  - Fixed handling LineStrings with too few points in GeometryGraph.addLineString
  - Fixed: was not checking that MultiPolygons don't contain components with too few points.
  - Fixed Envelope.distance() to return correct distance for all envelopes.
  - Fixed a few Geometry methods to make them re-entrant.
  - Fixed CoordinateList.closeRing() to ensure endpoints are not duplicated
  - Fixed CGAlgorithms.signedArea() to use a simpler algorithm which is more robust and faster.
  - Fixed bug preventing validating Rings containing an initial repeated point.

  ### API Changes

  - Added default constructor to WKTReader. It uses the default GeometryFactory
  - Add two static intersects() methods to Envelope, to allow computing intersections with envelopes defined by points only.
  - Dropped BinaryPower; its functionality is provided by DoubleBits in a more robust fashion.
  - Removed a couple of redundant private static methods from Geometry; they have been replaced by methods in CoordinateArrays
  - The Geometry class is now marked as Serializable

  ## Version 1.2

  Release Date: 7 October 2002

  ### Semantics Changes

  - JTS now allows Geometrys to have repeated points. All operations will continue to perform as before. This removes a significant incompatibility with the OGC spatial data model.
  - TopologyExceptions may now be thrown by spatial overlay methods. This helps to distinguish between code bugs and known robustness problems. It also provides a machine-readable coordinate for the error location.

  ### Functionality Improvements

  - RobustLineIntersector now uses "normalized" coordinates to maximize the accuracy of intersection computation.
  - Upgraded Quadtree with more robust implementation
  - Replaced IntervalTree with a more robust implementation of BinTree
  - Added STRTree 2-D spatial index, which exhibits better performance than QuadTrees in many situations.
  - Added EnhancePrecisionOp, which uses precisioning enhancing techniques to reduce the number of failure cases due to robustness problems.

  ### Bug Fixes

  - fixed ConvexHull to use TreeSet instead of HashSet for coordinates
  - Fixed isValid for GeometryCollections containing Polygons, which were sometimes erroneously returning a validity failure for correct Geometrys.
  - Fixed bug in LineSegment.distancePointLine() which would return the incorrect distance for a LineSegment with two identical points
  - Improved error handling in CGAlgorithms.isCCW()
  - IsValid now checks for too few points in a geometry component (e.g. due to repeated points in a ring)

  ### API Changes

  - added Stopwatch class
  - added Geometry.getArea() and Geometry.getLength() methods
  - added CGAlgorithms.signedArea() method
  - added methods to LineSegment - closestPoint(), getLength()
  - added CoordinateArrrays and CoordinateLists utility classes
  - Added TopologyValidationError.getErrorType() method
  - Added Envelope#intersects; deprecated Envelope#overlaps.
  - Added Geometry#geometryChanged() method to allow signaling when Geometry coordinates have been mutated by a client class
  - Added STRTree class implementing a Sort-Tile-Recursive spatial index (a variant of a packed R-tree)
  - Deleted IntervalTree 1-D spatial index (replaced by BinTree)
  - Add BinTree 1-D spatial index

  ## Version 1.1.1

  Release Date: 9 April 2002

  ### Bug Fixes

  - fixed decimal-point symbol localization bug in WKTWriter
  - fixed bug in Envelope.int(Envelope env)
  - fixed filename case of SFSMultiLineString.java and IntervalTree.java

  ### API Changes

  - deleted TopologyException class
  - renamed CGAlgorithms.isPointInPolygon to isPointInRing (a more accurate description of what the method computes)

  ### API Additions

  - added Geometry.getCoordinate() method
  - added Geometry.distance() method
  - added GeometryComponentFilter interface and Geometry.apply(GeometryComponentFilter) method

  ## Version 1.1

  Release Date: 28 March 2002

  ### New Features

  - added Geometry.isSimple() and Geometry.isValid() methods
  - improved design of topological data structures
  - added Geometry.setSRID() method
  - improved functionality of the Envelope class
  - added ability to write to an arbitrary java.io.Writer object to WKTWriter
  - added Validate and Mark Location functionality to TestBuilder

  ## Version 1.0

  Release Date: 1 February 2002
  - Removed some non-compatibilities with Java 1.1
  - Fixed bug in constructing buffer outline around inside of angles
  - In TestBuilder vertices are now displayed with fixed size in view units
  - Improved code for WKTWriter.writeFormatted()
  - Fixed bug in constructor for LinearRing
  - Improved implementation of sweepline intersection algorithm to avoid use of dynamic set.
  - Fixed bug in ConvexHull.cleanRing()
  - Refactored RobustLineIntersector and NonRobustLineIntersector

  ## Version 0.0

  Release Date: 30 May 2001

  Baseline version