
/*--------------------------------------------------------------------*/
/*--- Take snapshots of client stacks.              m_stacktrace.c ---*/
/*--------------------------------------------------------------------*/

/*
   This file is part of Valgrind, a dynamic binary instrumentation
   framework.

   Copyright (C) 2000-2012 Julian Seward 
      jseward@acm.org

   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
   modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as
   published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the
   License, or (at your option) any later version.

   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
   WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
   General Public License for more details.

   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA
   02111-1307, USA.

   The GNU General Public License is contained in the file COPYING.
*/

#include "pub_core_basics.h"
#include "pub_core_vki.h"
#include "pub_core_libcsetjmp.h"    // to keep _threadstate.h happy
#include "pub_core_threadstate.h"
#include "pub_core_debuginfo.h"     // XXX: circular dependency
#include "pub_core_aspacemgr.h"     // For VG_(is_addressable)()
#include "pub_core_libcbase.h"
#include "pub_core_libcassert.h"
#include "pub_core_libcprint.h"
#include "pub_core_machine.h"
#include "pub_core_options.h"
#include "pub_core_stacks.h"        // VG_(stack_limits)
#include "pub_core_stacktrace.h"
#include "pub_core_xarray.h"
#include "pub_core_clientstate.h"   // VG_(client__dl_sysinfo_int80)
#include "pub_core_trampoline.h"


/*------------------------------------------------------------*/
/*---                                                      ---*/
/*--- BEGIN platform-dependent unwinder worker functions   ---*/
/*---                                                      ---*/
/*------------------------------------------------------------*/

/* Take a snapshot of the client's stack, putting up to 'max_n_ips'
   IPs into 'ips'.  In order to be thread-safe, we pass in the
   thread's IP SP, FP if that's meaningful, and LR if that's
   meaningful.  Returns number of IPs put in 'ips'.

   If you know what the thread ID for this stack is, send that as the
   first parameter, else send zero.  This helps generate better stack
   traces on ppc64-linux and has no effect on other platforms.
*/

/* ------------------------ x86 ------------------------- */

#if defined(VGP_x86_linux) || defined(VGP_x86_darwin) || defined(VGP_x86_freebsd)

UInt VG_(get_StackTrace_wrk) ( ThreadId tid_if_known,
                               /*OUT*/Addr* ips, UInt max_n_ips,
                               /*OUT*/Addr* sps, /*OUT*/Addr* fps,
                               UnwindStartRegs* startRegs,
                               Addr fp_max_orig )
{
   Bool  debug = False;
   Int   i;
   Addr  fp_max;
   UInt  n_found = 0;

   vg_assert(sizeof(Addr) == sizeof(UWord));
   vg_assert(sizeof(Addr) == sizeof(void*));

   D3UnwindRegs uregs;
   uregs.xip = (Addr)startRegs->r_pc;
   uregs.xsp = (Addr)startRegs->r_sp;
   uregs.xbp = startRegs->misc.X86.r_ebp;
   Addr fp_min = uregs.xsp;

   /* Snaffle IPs from the client's stack into ips[0 .. max_n_ips-1],
      stopping when the trail goes cold, which we guess to be
      when FP is not a reasonable stack location. */

   // JRS 2002-sep-17: hack, to round up fp_max to the end of the
   // current page, at least.  Dunno if it helps.
   // NJN 2002-sep-17: seems to -- stack traces look like 1.0.X again
   fp_max = VG_PGROUNDUP(fp_max_orig);
   if (fp_max >= sizeof(Addr))
      fp_max -= sizeof(Addr);

   if (debug)
      VG_(printf)("max_n_ips=%d fp_min=0x%lx fp_max_orig=0x%lx, "
                  "fp_max=0x%lx ip=0x%lx fp=0x%lx\n",
                  max_n_ips, fp_min, fp_max_orig, fp_max,
                  uregs.xip, uregs.xbp);

   /* Assertion broken before main() is reached in pthreaded programs;  the
    * offending stack traces only have one item.  --njn, 2002-aug-16 */
   /* vg_assert(fp_min <= fp_max);*/
   // On Darwin, this kicks in for pthread-related stack traces, so they're
   // only 1 entry long which is wrong.
#  if !defined(VGO_darwin)
   if (fp_min + 512 >= fp_max) {
      /* If the stack limits look bogus, don't poke around ... but
         don't bomb out either. */
      if (sps) sps[0] = uregs.xsp;
      if (fps) fps[0] = uregs.xbp;
      ips[0] = uregs.xip;
      return 1;
   } 
#  endif

   /* fp is %ebp.  sp is %esp.  ip is %eip. */

   if (sps) sps[0] = uregs.xsp;
   if (fps) fps[0] = uregs.xbp;
   ips[0] = uregs.xip;
   i = 1;

   /* Loop unwinding the stack. Note that the IP value we get on
    * each pass (whether from CFI info or a stack frame) is a
    * return address so is actually after the calling instruction
    * in the calling function.
    *
    * Because of this we subtract one from the IP after each pass
    * of the loop so that we find the right CFI block on the next
    * pass - otherwise we can find the wrong CFI info if it happens
    * to change after the calling instruction and that will mean
    * that we will fail to unwind the next step.
    *
    * This most frequently happens at the end of a function when
    * a tail call occurs and we wind up using the CFI info for the
    * next function which is completely wrong.
    */
   while (True) {

      if (i >= max_n_ips)
         break;

      /* Try to derive a new (ip,sp,fp) triple from the current
         set. */

      /* On x86, first try the old-fashioned method of following the
         %ebp-chain.  Code which doesn't use this (that is, compiled
         with -fomit-frame-pointer) is not ABI compliant and so
         relatively rare.  Besides, trying the CFI first almost always
         fails, and is expensive. */
      /* Deal with frames resulting from functions which begin "pushl%
         ebp ; movl %esp, %ebp" which is the ABI-mandated preamble. */
      if (fp_min <= uregs.xbp &&
          uregs.xbp <= fp_max - 1 * sizeof(UWord)/*see comment below*/)
      {
         /* fp looks sane, so use it. */
         uregs.xip = (((UWord*)uregs.xbp)[1]);
         // We stop if we hit a zero (the traditional end-of-stack
         // marker) or a one -- these correspond to recorded IPs of 0 or -1.
         // The latter because r8818 (in this file) changes the meaning of
         // entries [1] and above in a stack trace, by subtracting 1 from
         // them.  Hence stacks that used to end with a zero value now end in
         // -1 and so we must detect that too.
         if (0 == uregs.xip || 1 == uregs.xip) break;
         uregs.xsp = uregs.xbp + sizeof(Addr) /*saved %ebp*/ 
                               + sizeof(Addr) /*ra*/;
         uregs.xbp = (((UWord*)uregs.xbp)[0]);
         if (sps) sps[i] = uregs.xsp;
         if (fps) fps[i] = uregs.xbp;
         ips[i++] = uregs.xip - 1; /* -1: refer to calling insn, not the RA */
         if (debug)
            VG_(printf)("     ipsF[%d]=0x%08lx\n", i-1, ips[i-1]);
         uregs.xip = uregs.xip - 1;
            /* as per comment at the head of this loop */
         continue;
      }

      /* That didn't work out, so see if there is any CF info to hand
         which can be used. */
      if ( VG_(use_CF_info)( &uregs, fp_min, fp_max ) ) {
         if (0 == uregs.xip || 1 == uregs.xip) break;
         if (sps) sps[i] = uregs.xsp;
         if (fps) fps[i] = uregs.xbp;
         ips[i++] = uregs.xip - 1; /* -1: refer to calling insn, not the RA */
         if (debug)
            VG_(printf)("     ipsC[%d]=0x%08lx\n", i-1, ips[i-1]);
         uregs.xip = uregs.xip - 1;
            /* as per comment at the head of this loop */
         continue;
      }

      /* And, similarly, try for MSVC FPO unwind info. */
      if ( VG_(use_FPO_info)( &uregs.xip, &uregs.xsp, &uregs.xbp,
                              fp_min, fp_max ) ) {
         if (0 == uregs.xip || 1 == uregs.xip) break;
         if (sps) sps[i] = uregs.xsp;
         if (fps) fps[i] = uregs.xbp;
         ips[i++] = uregs.xip;
         if (debug)
            VG_(printf)("     ipsC[%d]=0x%08lx\n", i-1, ips[i-1]);
         uregs.xip = uregs.xip - 1;
         continue;
      }

      /* No luck.  We have to give up. */
      break;
   }

   n_found = i;
   return n_found;
}

#endif

/* ----------------------- amd64 ------------------------ */

#if defined(VGP_amd64_linux) || defined(VGP_amd64_darwin) || defined(VGP_amd64_freebsd)

UInt VG_(get_StackTrace_wrk) ( ThreadId tid_if_known,
                               /*OUT*/Addr* ips, UInt max_n_ips,
                               /*OUT*/Addr* sps, /*OUT*/Addr* fps,
                               UnwindStartRegs* startRegs,
                               Addr fp_max_orig )
{
   Bool  debug = False;
   Int   i;
   Addr  fp_max;
   UInt  n_found = 0;

   vg_assert(sizeof(Addr) == sizeof(UWord));
   vg_assert(sizeof(Addr) == sizeof(void*));

   D3UnwindRegs uregs;
   uregs.xip = startRegs->r_pc;
   uregs.xsp = startRegs->r_sp;
   uregs.xbp = startRegs->misc.AMD64.r_rbp;
   Addr fp_min = uregs.xsp;

   /* Snaffle IPs from the client's stack into ips[0 .. max_n_ips-1],
      stopping when the trail goes cold, which we guess to be
      when FP is not a reasonable stack location. */

   // JRS 2002-sep-17: hack, to round up fp_max to the end of the
   // current page, at least.  Dunno if it helps.
   // NJN 2002-sep-17: seems to -- stack traces look like 1.0.X again
   fp_max = VG_PGROUNDUP(fp_max_orig);
   if (fp_max >= sizeof(Addr))
      fp_max -= sizeof(Addr);

   if (debug)
      VG_(printf)("max_n_ips=%d fp_min=0x%lx fp_max_orig=0x%lx, "
                  "fp_max=0x%lx ip=0x%lx fp=0x%lx\n",
                  max_n_ips, fp_min, fp_max_orig, fp_max,
                  uregs.xip, uregs.xbp);

   /* Assertion broken before main() is reached in pthreaded programs;  the
    * offending stack traces only have one item.  --njn, 2002-aug-16 */
   /* vg_assert(fp_min <= fp_max);*/
   // On Darwin, this kicks in for pthread-related stack traces, so they're
   // only 1 entry long which is wrong.
#  if !defined(VGO_darwin)
   if (fp_min + 256 >= fp_max) {
      /* If the stack limits look bogus, don't poke around ... but
         don't bomb out either. */
      if (sps) sps[0] = uregs.xsp;
      if (fps) fps[0] = uregs.xbp;
      ips[0] = uregs.xip;
      return 1;
   } 
#  endif

   /* fp is %rbp.  sp is %rsp.  ip is %rip. */

   ips[0] = uregs.xip;
   if (sps) sps[0] = uregs.xsp;
   if (fps) fps[0] = uregs.xbp;
   i = 1;

   /* Loop unwinding the stack. Note that the IP value we get on
    * each pass (whether from CFI info or a stack frame) is a
    * return address so is actually after the calling instruction
    * in the calling function.
    *
    * Because of this we subtract one from the IP after each pass
    * of the loop so that we find the right CFI block on the next
    * pass - otherwise we can find the wrong CFI info if it happens
    * to change after the calling instruction and that will mean
    * that we will fail to unwind the next step.
    *
    * This most frequently happens at the end of a function when
    * a tail call occurs and we wind up using the CFI info for the
    * next function which is completely wrong.
    */
   while (True) {

      if (i >= max_n_ips)
         break;

      /* Try to derive a new (ip,sp,fp) triple from the current set. */

      /* First off, see if there is any CFI info to hand which can
         be used. */
      if ( VG_(use_CF_info)( &uregs, fp_min, fp_max ) ) {
         if (0 == uregs.xip || 1 == uregs.xip) break;
         if (sps) sps[i] = uregs.xsp;
         if (fps) fps[i] = uregs.xbp;
         ips[i++] = uregs.xip - 1; /* -1: refer to calling insn, not the RA */
         if (debug)
            VG_(printf)("     ipsC[%d]=%#08lx\n", i-1, ips[i-1]);
         uregs.xip = uregs.xip - 1; /* as per comment at the head of this loop */
         continue;
      }

#if defined(VGO_freebsd)
      const NSegment *seg;
      const HChar *filename = NULL;
      int match = 0;

      seg = VG_(am_find_nsegment)(uregs.xip);
      if (seg != NULL) {
         filename = VG_(am_get_filename)(seg);
      }
      if (filename != NULL && VG_(strstr)(filename, "/libc.so")) {
         match = 1;
      }
      if (match == 1 && fp_min <= uregs.xsp &&
	  uregs.xsp <= fp_max - 1 * sizeof(UWord)) {
         /* fp looks sane, so use it. */
         uregs.xip = (((UWord*)uregs.xsp)[0]);
         if (0 == uregs.xip || 1 == uregs.xip) break;
         if (fps) fps[i] = uregs.xsp;
         uregs.xsp = uregs.xsp + sizeof(Addr) /*ra*/;
         if (sps) sps[i] = uregs.xsp;
         ips[i++] = uregs.xip - 1; /* -1: refer to calling insn, not the RA */
         if (debug)
            VG_(printf)("     ipsFF[%d]=%#08lx\n", i-1, ips[i-1]);
         uregs.xip = uregs.xip - 1; /* as per comment at the head of this loop */
         continue;
      }
#endif

      /* If VG_(use_CF_info) fails, it won't modify ip/sp/fp, so
         we can safely try the old-fashioned method. */
      /* This bit is supposed to deal with frames resulting from
         functions which begin "pushq %rbp ; movq %rsp, %rbp".
         Unfortunately, since we can't (easily) look at the insns at
         the start of the fn, like GDB does, there's no reliable way
         to tell.  Hence the hack of first trying out CFI, and if that
         fails, then use this as a fallback. */
      /* Note: re "- 1 * sizeof(UWord)", need to take account of the
         fact that we are prodding at & ((UWord*)fp)[1] and so need to
         adjust the limit check accordingly.  Omitting this has been
         observed to cause segfaults on rare occasions. */
      if (fp_min <= uregs.xbp && uregs.xbp <= fp_max - 1 * sizeof(UWord)) {
         /* fp looks sane, so use it. */
         uregs.xip = (((UWord*)uregs.xbp)[1]);
         if (0 == uregs.xip || 1 == uregs.xip) break;
         uregs.xsp = uregs.xbp + sizeof(Addr) /*saved %rbp*/ 
                               + sizeof(Addr) /*ra*/;
         uregs.xbp = (((UWord*)uregs.xbp)[0]);
         if (sps) sps[i] = uregs.xsp;
         if (fps) fps[i] = uregs.xbp;
         ips[i++] = uregs.xip - 1; /* -1: refer to calling insn, not the RA */
         if (debug)
            VG_(printf)("     ipsF[%d]=%#08lx\n", i-1, ips[i-1]);
         uregs.xip = uregs.xip - 1; /* as per comment at the head of this loop */
         continue;
      }

      /* Last-ditch hack (evidently GDB does something similar).  We
         are in the middle of nowhere and we have a nonsense value for
         the frame pointer.  If the stack pointer is still valid,
         assume that what it points at is a return address.  Yes,
         desperate measures.  Could do better here:
         - check that the supposed return address is in
           an executable page
         - check that the supposed return address is just after a call insn
         - given those two checks, don't just consider *sp as the return 
           address; instead scan a likely section of stack (eg sp .. sp+256)
           and use suitable values found there.
      */
      if (fp_min <= uregs.xsp && uregs.xsp < fp_max) {
         uregs.xip = ((UWord*)uregs.xsp)[0];
         if (0 == uregs.xip || 1 == uregs.xip) break;
         if (sps) sps[i] = uregs.xsp;
         if (fps) fps[i] = uregs.xbp;
         ips[i++] = uregs.xip == 0 
                    ? 0 /* sp[0] == 0 ==> stuck at the bottom of a
                           thread stack */
                    : uregs.xip - 1;
                        /* -1: refer to calling insn, not the RA */
         if (debug)
            VG_(printf)("     ipsH[%d]=%#08lx\n", i-1, ips[i-1]);
         uregs.xip = uregs.xip - 1; /* as per comment at the head of this loop */
         uregs.xsp += 8;
         continue;
      }

      /* No luck at all.  We have to give up. */
      break;
   }

   n_found = i;
   return n_found;
}

#endif

/* -----------------------ppc32/64 ---------------------- */

#if defined(VGP_ppc32_linux) || defined(VGP_ppc64_linux)

UInt VG_(get_StackTrace_wrk) ( ThreadId tid_if_known,
                               /*OUT*/Addr* ips, UInt max_n_ips,
                               /*OUT*/Addr* sps, /*OUT*/Addr* fps,
                               UnwindStartRegs* startRegs,
                               Addr fp_max_orig )
{
   Bool  lr_is_first_RA = False;
#  if defined(VG_PLAT_USES_PPCTOC)
   Word redir_stack_size = 0;
   Word redirs_used      = 0;
#  endif

   Bool  debug = False;
   Int   i;
   Addr  fp_max;
   UInt  n_found = 0;

   vg_assert(sizeof(Addr) == sizeof(UWord));
   vg_assert(sizeof(Addr) == sizeof(void*));

   Addr ip = (Addr)startRegs->r_pc;
   Addr sp = (Addr)startRegs->r_sp;
   Addr fp = sp;
#  if defined(VGP_ppc32_linux)
   Addr lr = startRegs->misc.PPC32.r_lr;
#  elif defined(VGP_ppc64_linux)
   Addr lr = startRegs->misc.PPC64.r_lr;
#  endif
   Addr fp_min = sp;

   /* Snaffle IPs from the client's stack into ips[0 .. max_n_ips-1],
      stopping when the trail goes cold, which we guess to be
      when FP is not a reasonable stack location. */

   // JRS 2002-sep-17: hack, to round up fp_max to the end of the
   // current page, at least.  Dunno if it helps.
   // NJN 2002-sep-17: seems to -- stack traces look like 1.0.X again
   fp_max = VG_PGROUNDUP(fp_max_orig);
   if (fp_max >= sizeof(Addr))
      fp_max -= sizeof(Addr);

   if (debug)
      VG_(printf)("max_n_ips=%d fp_min=0x%lx fp_max_orig=0x%lx, "
                  "fp_max=0x%lx ip=0x%lx fp=0x%lx\n",
		  max_n_ips, fp_min, fp_max_orig, fp_max, ip, fp);

   /* Assertion broken before main() is reached in pthreaded programs;  the
    * offending stack traces only have one item.  --njn, 2002-aug-16 */
   /* vg_assert(fp_min <= fp_max);*/
   if (fp_min + 512 >= fp_max) {
      /* If the stack limits look bogus, don't poke around ... but
         don't bomb out either. */
      if (sps) sps[0] = sp;
      if (fps) fps[0] = fp;
      ips[0] = ip;
      return 1;
   } 

   /* fp is %r1.  ip is %cia.  Note, ppc uses r1 as both the stack and
      frame pointers. */

#  if defined(VGP_ppc64_linux)
   redir_stack_size = VEX_GUEST_PPC64_REDIR_STACK_SIZE;
   redirs_used      = 0;
#  endif

#  if defined(VG_PLAT_USES_PPCTOC)
   /* Deal with bogus LR values caused by function
      interception/wrapping on ppc-TOC platforms; see comment on
      similar code a few lines further down. */
   if (ULong_to_Ptr(lr) == (void*)&VG_(ppctoc_magic_redirect_return_stub)
       && VG_(is_valid_tid)(tid_if_known)) {
      Word hsp = VG_(threads)[tid_if_known].arch.vex.guest_REDIR_SP;
      redirs_used++;
      if (hsp >= 1 && hsp < redir_stack_size)
         lr = VG_(threads)[tid_if_known]
                 .arch.vex.guest_REDIR_STACK[hsp-1];
   }
#  endif

   /* We have to determine whether or not LR currently holds this fn
      (call it F)'s return address.  It might not if F has previously
      called some other function, hence overwriting LR with a pointer
      to some part of F.  Hence if LR and IP point to the same
      function then we conclude LR does not hold this function's
      return address; instead the LR at entry must have been saved in
      the stack by F's prologue and so we must get it from there
      instead.  Note all this guff only applies to the innermost
      frame. */
   lr_is_first_RA = False;
   {
#     define M_VG_ERRTXT 1000
      UChar buf_lr[M_VG_ERRTXT], buf_ip[M_VG_ERRTXT];
      /* The following conditional looks grossly inefficient and
         surely could be majorly improved, with not much effort. */
      if (VG_(get_fnname_raw) (lr, buf_lr, M_VG_ERRTXT))
         if (VG_(get_fnname_raw) (ip, buf_ip, M_VG_ERRTXT))
            if (VG_(strncmp)(buf_lr, buf_ip, M_VG_ERRTXT))
               lr_is_first_RA = True;
#     undef M_VG_ERRTXT
   }

   if (sps) sps[0] = fp; /* NB. not sp */
   if (fps) fps[0] = fp;
   ips[0] = ip;
   i = 1;

   if (fp_min <= fp && fp < fp_max-VG_WORDSIZE+1) {

      /* initial FP is sane; keep going */
      fp = (((UWord*)fp)[0]);

      while (True) {

        /* On ppc64-linux (ppc64-elf, really), the lr save
           slot is 2 words back from sp, whereas on ppc32-elf(?) it's
           only one word back. */
#        if defined(VG_PLAT_USES_PPCTOC)
         const Int lr_offset = 2;
#        else
         const Int lr_offset = 1;
#        endif

         if (i >= max_n_ips)
            break;

         /* Try to derive a new (ip,fp) pair from the current set. */

         if (fp_min <= fp && fp <= fp_max - lr_offset * sizeof(UWord)) {
            /* fp looks sane, so use it. */

            if (i == 1 && lr_is_first_RA)
               ip = lr;
            else
               ip = (((UWord*)fp)[lr_offset]);

#           if defined(VG_PLAT_USES_PPCTOC)
            /* Nasty hack to do with function replacement/wrapping on
               ppc64-linux.  If LR points to our magic return stub,
               then we are in a wrapped or intercepted function, in
               which LR has been messed with.  The original LR will
               have been pushed onto the thread's hidden REDIR stack
               one down from the top (top element is the saved R2) and
               so we should restore the value from there instead.
               Since nested redirections can and do happen, we keep
               track of the number of nested LRs used by the unwinding
               so far with 'redirs_used'. */
            if (ip == (Addr)&VG_(ppctoc_magic_redirect_return_stub)
                && VG_(is_valid_tid)(tid_if_known)) {
               Word hsp = VG_(threads)[tid_if_known]
                             .arch.vex.guest_REDIR_SP;
               hsp -= 2 * redirs_used;
               redirs_used ++;
               if (hsp >= 1 && hsp < redir_stack_size)
                  ip = VG_(threads)[tid_if_known]
                          .arch.vex.guest_REDIR_STACK[hsp-1];
            }
#           endif

            if (0 == ip || 1 == ip) break;
            if (sps) sps[i] = fp; /* NB. not sp */
            if (fps) fps[i] = fp;
            fp = (((UWord*)fp)[0]);
            ips[i++] = ip - 1; /* -1: refer to calling insn, not the RA */
            if (debug)
               VG_(printf)("     ipsF[%d]=%#08lx\n", i-1, ips[i-1]);
            ip = ip - 1; /* ip is probably dead at this point, but
                            play safe, a la x86/amd64 above.  See
                            extensive comments above. */
            continue;
         }

         /* No luck there.  We have to give up. */
         break;
      }
   }

   n_found = i;
   return n_found;
}

#endif

/* ------------------------ arm ------------------------- */

#if defined(VGP_arm_linux)

static Bool in_same_fn ( Addr a1, Addr a2 )
{
#  define M_VG_ERRTXT 500
   UChar buf_a1[M_VG_ERRTXT], buf_a2[M_VG_ERRTXT];
   /* The following conditional looks grossly inefficient and
      surely could be majorly improved, with not much effort. */
   if (VG_(get_fnname_raw) (a1, buf_a1, M_VG_ERRTXT))
      if (VG_(get_fnname_raw) (a2, buf_a2, M_VG_ERRTXT))
         if (VG_(strncmp)(buf_a1, buf_a2, M_VG_ERRTXT))
            return True;
#  undef M_VG_ERRTXT
   return False;
}

static Bool in_same_page ( Addr a1, Addr a2 ) {
   return (a1 & ~0xFFF) == (a2 & ~0xFFF);
}

static Addr abs_diff ( Addr a1, Addr a2 ) {
   return (Addr)(a1 > a2 ? a1 - a2 : a2 - a1);
}

static Bool has_XT_perms ( Addr a )
{
   NSegment const* seg = VG_(am_find_nsegment)(a);
   return seg && seg->hasX && seg->hasT;
}

static Bool looks_like_Thumb_call32 ( UShort w0, UShort w1 )
{
   if (0)
      VG_(printf)("isT32call %04x %04x\n", (UInt)w0, (UInt)w1);
   // BL  simm26 
   if ((w0 & 0xF800) == 0xF000 && (w1 & 0xC000) == 0xC000) return True;
   // BLX simm26
   if ((w0 & 0xF800) == 0xF000 && (w1 & 0xC000) == 0xC000) return True;
   return False;
}

static Bool looks_like_Thumb_call16 ( UShort w0 )
{
   return False;
}

static Bool looks_like_ARM_call ( UInt a0 )
{
   if (0)
      VG_(printf)("isA32call %08x\n", a0);
   // Leading E forces unconditional only -- fix
   if ((a0 & 0xFF000000) == 0xEB000000) return True;
   return False;
}

static Bool looks_like_RA ( Addr ra )
{
   /* 'ra' is a plausible return address if it points to
       an instruction after a call insn. */
   Bool isT = (ra & 1);
   if (isT) {
      // returning to Thumb code
      ra &= ~1;
      ra -= 4;
      if (has_XT_perms(ra)) {
         UShort w0 = *(UShort*)ra;
         UShort w1 = in_same_page(ra, ra+2) ? *(UShort*)(ra+2) : 0;
         if (looks_like_Thumb_call16(w1) || looks_like_Thumb_call32(w0,w1))
            return True;
      }
   } else {
      // ARM
      ra &= ~3;
      ra -= 4;
      if (has_XT_perms(ra)) {
         UInt a0 = *(UInt*)ra;
         if (looks_like_ARM_call(a0))
            return True;
      }
   }
   return False;
}

UInt VG_(get_StackTrace_wrk) ( ThreadId tid_if_known,
                               /*OUT*/Addr* ips, UInt max_n_ips,
                               /*OUT*/Addr* sps, /*OUT*/Addr* fps,
                               UnwindStartRegs* startRegs,
                               Addr fp_max_orig )
{
   Bool  debug = False;
   Int   i;
   Addr  fp_max;
   UInt  n_found = 0;

   vg_assert(sizeof(Addr) == sizeof(UWord));
   vg_assert(sizeof(Addr) == sizeof(void*));

   D3UnwindRegs uregs;
   uregs.r15 = startRegs->r_pc & 0xFFFFFFFE;
   uregs.r14 = startRegs->misc.ARM.r14;
   uregs.r13 = startRegs->r_sp;
   uregs.r12 = startRegs->misc.ARM.r12;
   uregs.r11 = startRegs->misc.ARM.r11;
   uregs.r7  = startRegs->misc.ARM.r7;
   Addr fp_min = uregs.r13;

   /* Snaffle IPs from the client's stack into ips[0 .. max_n_ips-1],
      stopping when the trail goes cold, which we guess to be
      when FP is not a reasonable stack location. */

   // JRS 2002-sep-17: hack, to round up fp_max to the end of the
   // current page, at least.  Dunno if it helps.
   // NJN 2002-sep-17: seems to -- stack traces look like 1.0.X again
   fp_max = VG_PGROUNDUP(fp_max_orig);
   if (fp_max >= sizeof(Addr))
      fp_max -= sizeof(Addr);

   if (debug)
      VG_(printf)("\nmax_n_ips=%d fp_min=0x%lx fp_max_orig=0x%lx, "
                  "fp_max=0x%lx r15=0x%lx r13=0x%lx\n",
                  max_n_ips, fp_min, fp_max_orig, fp_max,
                  uregs.r15, uregs.r13);

   /* Assertion broken before main() is reached in pthreaded programs;  the
    * offending stack traces only have one item.  --njn, 2002-aug-16 */
   /* vg_assert(fp_min <= fp_max);*/
   // On Darwin, this kicks in for pthread-related stack traces, so they're
   // only 1 entry long which is wrong.
   if (fp_min + 512 >= fp_max) {
      /* If the stack limits look bogus, don't poke around ... but
         don't bomb out either. */
      if (sps) sps[0] = uregs.r13;
      if (fps) fps[0] = 0;
      ips[0] = uregs.r15;
      return 1;
   } 

   /* */

   if (sps) sps[0] = uregs.r13;
   if (fps) fps[0] = 0;
   ips[0] = uregs.r15;
   i = 1;

   /* Loop unwinding the stack. */
   Bool do_stack_scan = False;

   while (True) {
      if (debug) {
         VG_(printf)("i: %d, r15: 0x%lx, r13: 0x%lx\n",
                     i, uregs.r15, uregs.r13);
      }

      if (i >= max_n_ips)
         break;

      if (VG_(use_CF_info)( &uregs, fp_min, fp_max )) {
         if (sps) sps[i] = uregs.r13;
         if (fps) fps[i] = 0;
         ips[i++] = (uregs.r15 & 0xFFFFFFFE) - 1;
         if (debug)
            VG_(printf)("USING CFI: r15: 0x%lx, r13: 0x%lx\n",
                        uregs.r15, uregs.r13);
         uregs.r15 = (uregs.r15 & 0xFFFFFFFE) - 1;
         continue;
      }
      /* No luck.  We have to give up. */
      do_stack_scan = True;
      break;
   }

   if (0/*DISABLED BY DEFAULT*/ && do_stack_scan && i < max_n_ips && i <= 2) {
      Int  nByStackScan = 0;
      Addr lr = uregs.r14;
      Addr sp = uregs.r13 & ~3;
      Addr pc = uregs.r15;
      // First see if LR contains
      // something that could be a valid return address.
      if (!in_same_fn(lr, pc) && looks_like_RA(lr)) {
         // take it only if 'cand' isn't obviously a duplicate
         // of the last found IP value
         Addr cand = (lr & 0xFFFFFFFE) - 1;
         if (abs_diff(cand, ips[i-1]) > 1) {
            if (sps) sps[i] = 0;
            if (fps) fps[i] = 0;
            ips[i++] = cand;
            nByStackScan++;
         }
      }
      while (in_same_page(sp, uregs.r13)) {
         if (i >= max_n_ips)
            break;
         // we're in the same page; fairly safe to keep going
         UWord w = *(UWord*)(sp & ~0x3);
         if (looks_like_RA(w)) {
            Addr cand = (w & 0xFFFFFFFE) - 1;
            // take it only if 'cand' isn't obviously a duplicate
            // of the last found IP value
            if (abs_diff(cand, ips[i-1]) > 1) {
               if (sps) sps[i] = 0;
               if (fps) fps[i] = 0;
               ips[i++] = cand;
               if (++nByStackScan >= 5) break;
            }
         }
         sp += 4;
      }
   }

   n_found = i;
   return n_found;
}

#endif

/* ------------------------ s390x ------------------------- */

#if defined(VGP_s390x_linux)

UInt VG_(get_StackTrace_wrk) ( ThreadId tid_if_known,
                               /*OUT*/Addr* ips, UInt max_n_ips,
                               /*OUT*/Addr* sps, /*OUT*/Addr* fps,
                               UnwindStartRegs* startRegs,
                               Addr fp_max_orig )
{
   Bool  debug = False;
   Int   i;
   Addr  fp_max;
   UInt  n_found = 0;

   vg_assert(sizeof(Addr) == sizeof(UWord));
   vg_assert(sizeof(Addr) == sizeof(void*));

   D3UnwindRegs uregs;
   uregs.ia = startRegs->r_pc;
   uregs.sp = startRegs->r_sp;
   Addr fp_min = uregs.sp;
   uregs.fp = startRegs->misc.S390X.r_fp;
   uregs.lr = startRegs->misc.S390X.r_lr;

   fp_max = VG_PGROUNDUP(fp_max_orig);
   if (fp_max >= sizeof(Addr))
      fp_max -= sizeof(Addr);

   if (debug)
      VG_(printf)("max_n_ips=%d fp_min=0x%lx fp_max_orig=0x%lx, "
                  "fp_max=0x%lx IA=0x%lx SP=0x%lx FP=0x%lx\n",
                  max_n_ips, fp_min, fp_max_orig, fp_max,
                  uregs.ia, uregs.sp,uregs.fp);

   /* The first frame is pretty obvious */
   ips[0] = uregs.ia;
   if (sps) sps[0] = uregs.sp;
   if (fps) fps[0] = uregs.fp;
   i = 1;

   /* for everything else we have to rely on the eh_frame. gcc defaults to
      not create a backchain and all the other  tools (like gdb) also have
      to use the CFI. */
   while (True) {
      if (i >= max_n_ips)
         break;

      if (VG_(use_CF_info)( &uregs, fp_min, fp_max )) {
         if (sps) sps[i] = uregs.sp;
         if (fps) fps[i] = uregs.fp;
         ips[i++] = uregs.ia - 1;
         uregs.ia = uregs.ia - 1;
         continue;
      }
      /* A problem on the first frame? Lets assume it was a bad jump.
         We will use the link register and the current stack and frame
         pointers and see if we can use the CFI in the next round. */
      if (i == 1) {
         if (sps) {
            sps[i] = sps[0];
            uregs.sp = sps[0];
         }
         if (fps) {
            fps[i] = fps[0];
            uregs.fp = fps[0];
         }
         uregs.ia = uregs.lr - 1;
         ips[i++] = uregs.lr - 1;
         continue;
      }

      /* No luck.  We have to give up. */
      break;
   }

   n_found = i;
   return n_found;
}

#endif

/* ------------------------ mips 32------------------------- */

#if defined(VGP_mips32_linux)

UInt VG_(get_StackTrace_wrk) ( ThreadId tid_if_known,
                               /*OUT*/Addr* ips, UInt max_n_ips,
                               /*OUT*/Addr* sps, /*OUT*/Addr* fps,
                               UnwindStartRegs* startRegs,
                               Addr fp_max_orig )
{
   Bool  debug = False;
   Int   i;
   Addr  fp_max;
   UInt  n_found = 0;

   vg_assert(sizeof(Addr) == sizeof(UWord));
   vg_assert(sizeof(Addr) == sizeof(void*));

   D3UnwindRegs uregs;
   uregs.pc = startRegs->r_pc;
   uregs.sp = startRegs->r_sp;
   Addr fp_min = uregs.sp;

   uregs.fp = startRegs->misc.MIPS32.r30;
   uregs.ra = startRegs->misc.MIPS32.r31;

   /* Snaffle IPs from the client's stack into ips[0 .. max_n_ips-1],
      stopping when the trail goes cold, which we guess to be
      when FP is not a reasonable stack location. */

   fp_max = VG_PGROUNDUP(fp_max_orig);
   if (fp_max >= sizeof(Addr))
      fp_max -= sizeof(Addr);

   if (debug)
      VG_(printf)("max_n_ips=%d fp_min=0x%lx fp_max_orig=0x%lx, "
                  "fp_max=0x%lx pc=0x%lx sp=0x%lx fp=0x%lx\n",
                  max_n_ips, fp_min, fp_max_orig, fp_max,
                  uregs.pc, uregs.sp, uregs.fp);

   if (sps) sps[0] = uregs.sp;
   if (fps) fps[0] = uregs.fp;
   ips[0] = uregs.pc;
   i = 1;

   /* Loop unwinding the stack. */

   while (True) {
      if (debug) {
         VG_(printf)("i: %d, pc: 0x%lx, sp: 0x%lx, ra: 0x%lx\n",
                     i, uregs.pc, uregs.sp, uregs.ra);
      }
      if (i >= max_n_ips)
         break;

      if (VG_(use_CF_info)( &uregs, fp_min, fp_max )) {
         if (debug)
            VG_(printf)("USING CFI: pc: 0x%lx, sp: 0x%lx, ra: 0x%lx\n",
                        uregs.pc, uregs.sp, uregs.ra);
         if (0 == uregs.pc || 1 == uregs.pc) break;
         if (sps) sps[i] = uregs.sp;
         if (fps) fps[i] = uregs.fp;
         ips[i++] = uregs.pc - 4;
         uregs.pc = uregs.pc - 4;
         continue;
      }

      int seen_sp_adjust = 0;
      long frame_offset = 0;
      PtrdiffT offset;
      if (VG_(get_inst_offset_in_function)(uregs.pc, &offset)) {
         Addr start_pc = uregs.pc - offset;
         Addr limit_pc = uregs.pc;
         Addr cur_pc;
         for (cur_pc = start_pc; cur_pc < limit_pc; cur_pc += 4) {
            unsigned long inst, high_word, low_word;
            unsigned long * cur_inst;
            int reg;
            /* Fetch the instruction.   */
            cur_inst = (unsigned long *)cur_pc;
            inst = *((UInt *) cur_inst);
            if(debug)
               VG_(printf)("cur_pc: 0x%lx, inst: 0x%lx\n", cur_pc, inst);

            /* Save some code by pre-extracting some useful fields.  */
            high_word = (inst >> 16) & 0xffff;
            low_word = inst & 0xffff;
            reg = high_word & 0x1f;

            if (high_word == 0x27bd        /* addiu $sp,$sp,-i */
                || high_word == 0x23bd     /* addi $sp,$sp,-i */
                || high_word == 0x67bd) {  /* daddiu $sp,$sp,-i */
               if (low_word & 0x8000)	/* negative stack adjustment? */
                  frame_offset += 0x10000 - low_word;
               else
                  /* Exit loop if a positive stack adjustment is found, which
                     usually means that the stack cleanup code in the function
                     epilogue is reached.  */
               break;
            seen_sp_adjust = 1;
            }
         }
         if(debug)
            VG_(printf)("offset: 0x%lx\n", frame_offset);
      }
      if (seen_sp_adjust) {
         if (0 == uregs.pc || 1 == uregs.pc) break;
         if (uregs.pc == uregs.ra - 8) break;
         if (sps) {
            sps[i] = uregs.sp + frame_offset;
         }
         uregs.sp = uregs.sp + frame_offset;
         
         if (fps) {
            fps[i] = fps[0];
            uregs.fp = fps[0];
         }
         if (0 == uregs.ra || 1 == uregs.ra) break;
         uregs.pc = uregs.ra - 8;
         ips[i++] = uregs.ra - 8;
         continue;
      }

      if (i == 1) {
         if (sps) {
            sps[i] = sps[0];
            uregs.sp = sps[0];
         }
         if (fps) {
            fps[i] = fps[0];
            uregs.fp = fps[0];
         }
         if (0 == uregs.ra || 1 == uregs.ra) break;
         uregs.pc = uregs.ra - 8;
         ips[i++] = uregs.ra - 8;
         continue;
      }
      /* No luck.  We have to give up. */
      break;
   }

   n_found = i;
   return n_found;
}

#endif


/*------------------------------------------------------------*/
/*---                                                      ---*/
/*--- END platform-dependent unwinder worker functions     ---*/
/*---                                                      ---*/
/*------------------------------------------------------------*/

/*------------------------------------------------------------*/
/*--- Exported functions.                                  ---*/
/*------------------------------------------------------------*/

UInt VG_(get_StackTrace) ( ThreadId tid, 
                           /*OUT*/StackTrace ips, UInt max_n_ips,
                           /*OUT*/StackTrace sps,
                           /*OUT*/StackTrace fps,
                           Word first_ip_delta )
{
   /* Get the register values with which to start the unwind. */
   UnwindStartRegs startRegs;
   VG_(memset)( &startRegs, 0, sizeof(startRegs) );
   VG_(get_UnwindStartRegs)( &startRegs, tid );

   Addr stack_highest_word = VG_(threads)[tid].client_stack_highest_word;
   Addr stack_lowest_word  = 0;

#  if defined(VGP_x86_linux)
   /* Nasty little hack to deal with syscalls - if libc is using its
      _dl_sysinfo_int80 function for syscalls (the TLS version does),
      then ip will always appear to be in that function when doing a
      syscall, not the actual libc function doing the syscall.  This
      check sees if IP is within that function, and pops the return
      address off the stack so that ip is placed within the library
      function calling the syscall.  This makes stack backtraces much
      more useful.

      The function is assumed to look like this (from glibc-2.3.6 sources):
         _dl_sysinfo_int80:
            int $0x80
            ret
      That is 3 (2+1) bytes long.  We could be more thorough and check
      the 3 bytes of the function are as expected, but I can't be
      bothered.
   */
   if (VG_(client__dl_sysinfo_int80) != 0 /* we know its address */
       && startRegs.r_pc >= VG_(client__dl_sysinfo_int80)
       && startRegs.r_pc < VG_(client__dl_sysinfo_int80)+3
       && VG_(am_is_valid_for_client)(startRegs.r_pc, sizeof(Addr),
                                      VKI_PROT_READ)) {
      startRegs.r_pc  = (ULong) *(Addr*)(UWord)startRegs.r_sp;
      startRegs.r_sp += (ULong) sizeof(Addr);
   }
#  endif

   /* See if we can get a better idea of the stack limits */
   VG_(stack_limits)( (Addr)startRegs.r_sp,
                      &stack_lowest_word, &stack_highest_word );

   /* Take into account the first_ip_delta. */
   startRegs.r_pc += (Long)(Word)first_ip_delta;

   if (0)
      VG_(printf)("tid %d: stack_highest=0x%08lx ip=0x%010llx "
                  "sp=0x%010llx\n",
		  tid, stack_highest_word,
                  startRegs.r_pc, startRegs.r_sp);

   return VG_(get_StackTrace_wrk)(tid, ips, max_n_ips, 
                                       sps, fps,
                                       &startRegs,
                                       stack_highest_word);
}

static void printIpDesc(UInt n, Addr ip, void* uu_opaque)
{
   #define BUF_LEN   4096
   
   static UChar buf[BUF_LEN];

   VG_(describe_IP)(ip, buf, BUF_LEN);

   if (VG_(clo_xml)) {
      VG_(printf_xml)("    %s\n", buf);
   } else {
      VG_(message)(Vg_UserMsg, "   %s %s\n", ( n == 0 ? "at" : "by" ), buf);
   }
}

/* Print a StackTrace. */
void VG_(pp_StackTrace) ( StackTrace ips, UInt n_ips )
{
   vg_assert( n_ips > 0 );

   if (VG_(clo_xml))
      VG_(printf_xml)("  <stack>\n");

   VG_(apply_StackTrace)( printIpDesc, NULL, ips, n_ips );

   if (VG_(clo_xml))
      VG_(printf_xml)("  </stack>\n");
}

/* Get and immediately print a StackTrace. */
void VG_(get_and_pp_StackTrace) ( ThreadId tid, UInt max_n_ips )
{
   Addr ips[max_n_ips];
   UInt n_ips
      = VG_(get_StackTrace)(tid, ips, max_n_ips,
                            NULL/*array to dump SP values in*/,
                            NULL/*array to dump FP values in*/,
                            0/*first_ip_delta*/);
   VG_(pp_StackTrace)(ips, n_ips);
}

void VG_(apply_StackTrace)(
        void(*action)(UInt n, Addr ip, void* opaque),
        void* opaque,
        StackTrace ips, UInt n_ips
     )
{
   Bool main_done = False;
   Int i = 0;

   vg_assert(n_ips > 0);
   do {
      Addr ip = ips[i];

      // Stop after the first appearance of "main" or one of the other names
      // (the appearance of which is a pretty good sign that we've gone past
      // main without seeing it, for whatever reason)
      if ( ! VG_(clo_show_below_main) ) {
         Vg_FnNameKind kind = VG_(get_fnname_kind_from_IP)(ip);
         if (Vg_FnNameMain == kind || Vg_FnNameBelowMain == kind) {
            main_done = True;
         }
      }

      // Act on the ip
      action(i, ip, opaque);

      i++;
   } while (i < n_ips && !main_done);

   #undef MYBUF_LEN
}


/*--------------------------------------------------------------------*/
/*--- end                                                          ---*/
/*--------------------------------------------------------------------*/
