/*
 * Copyright  1999-2004 The Apache Software Foundation.
 *
 *  Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 *  you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 *  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 *  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 *  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 *  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 *  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 *  limitations under the License.
 *
 */
package org.apache.xml.security.c14n.implementations;



import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.ListIterator;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Set;

import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilderFactory;
import javax.xml.parsers.ParserConfigurationException;

import org.apache.xml.security.c14n.CanonicalizationException;
import org.apache.xml.security.c14n.CanonicalizerSpi;
import org.apache.xml.security.c14n.helper.AttrCompare;
import org.apache.xml.security.signature.NodeFilter;
import org.apache.xml.security.signature.XMLSignatureInput;
import org.apache.xml.security.utils.Constants;
import org.apache.xml.security.utils.UnsyncByteArrayOutputStream;
import org.apache.xml.security.utils.XMLUtils;
import org.w3c.dom.Attr;
import org.w3c.dom.Comment;
import org.w3c.dom.Element;
import org.w3c.dom.NamedNodeMap;
import org.w3c.dom.Node;
import org.w3c.dom.ProcessingInstruction;
import org.xml.sax.SAXException;


/**
 * Abstract base class for canonicalization algorithms.
 *
 * @author Christian Geuer-Pollmann <geuerp@apache.org>
 * @version $Revision: 1023243 $
 */
public abstract class CanonicalizerBase extends CanonicalizerSpi {
   //Constants to be outputed, In char array form, so
   //less garbage is generate when outputed.
   private static final byte[] _END_PI = {'?','>'};
   private static final byte[] _BEGIN_PI = {'<','?'};
   private static final byte[] _END_COMM = {'-','-','>'};
   private static final byte[] _BEGIN_COMM = {'<','!','-','-'};
   private static final byte[] __XA_ = {'&','#','x','A',';'};
   private static final byte[] __X9_ = {'&','#','x','9',';'};
   private static final byte[] _QUOT_ = {'&','q','u','o','t',';'};
   private static final byte[] __XD_ = {'&','#','x','D',';'};
   private static final byte[] _GT_ = {'&','g','t',';'};
   private static final byte[] _LT_ = {'&','l','t',';'};
   private static final byte[] _END_TAG = {'<','/'};
   private static final byte[] _AMP_ = {'&','a','m','p',';'};
   final static AttrCompare COMPARE=new AttrCompare();
   final static String XML="xml";
   final static String XMLNS="xmlns";
   final static byte[] equalsStr= {'=','\"'};
   static final int NODE_BEFORE_DOCUMENT_ELEMENT = -1;
   static final int NODE_NOT_BEFORE_OR_AFTER_DOCUMENT_ELEMENT = 0;
   static final int NODE_AFTER_DOCUMENT_ELEMENT = 1;
   //The null xmlns definiton.
   protected static final Attr nullNode;
   static {
    try {
        nullNode=DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance().
            newDocumentBuilder().newDocument().createAttributeNS(Constants.NamespaceSpecNS,XMLNS);
        nullNode.setValue("");
    } catch (Exception e) {
        throw new RuntimeException("Unable to create nullNode"/*,*/+e);
    }
   }
   
   List nodeFilter;
   
   boolean _includeComments;  
   Set _xpathNodeSet = null;
   /**
    * The node to be skiped/excluded from the DOM tree 
    * in subtree canonicalizations.
    */
   Node _excludeNode =null;
   OutputStream _writer = new UnsyncByteArrayOutputStream();//null;

   /**
    * Constructor CanonicalizerBase
    *
    * @param includeComments
    */
   public CanonicalizerBase(boolean includeComments) {
      this._includeComments = includeComments;
   }

   /**
    * Method engineCanonicalizeSubTree
    * @inheritDoc
    * @param rootNode
    * @throws CanonicalizationException
    */
   public byte[] engineCanonicalizeSubTree(Node rootNode)
           throws CanonicalizationException {
   		return engineCanonicalizeSubTree(rootNode,(Node)null);
   }
   /**
    * Method engineCanonicalizeXPathNodeSet
    * @inheritDoc
    * @param xpathNodeSet
    * @throws CanonicalizationException
    */
   public byte[] engineCanonicalizeXPathNodeSet(Set xpathNodeSet)
           throws CanonicalizationException {
	   this._xpathNodeSet = xpathNodeSet;
	   return engineCanonicalizeXPathNodeSetInternal(XMLUtils.getOwnerDocument(this._xpathNodeSet));
   }

   /**
    * Canonicalizes a Subtree node.
    * @param input the root of the subtree to canicalize
    * @return The canonicalize stream.
    * @throws CanonicalizationException
    */
    public byte[] engineCanonicalize(XMLSignatureInput input)
    throws CanonicalizationException {
    	try {
    		if (input.isExcludeComments())
    			_includeComments = false;
			byte[] bytes;
			if (input.isOctetStream()) {
				return engineCanonicalize(input.getBytes());
			}
			if (input.isElement()) {
				bytes = engineCanonicalizeSubTree(input.getSubNode(), input
						.getExcludeNode());
				return bytes;
			} else if (input.isNodeSet()) {
				nodeFilter=input.getNodeFilters();
                                
                circumventBugIfNeeded(input);
				
				if (input.getSubNode() != null) {
				    bytes = engineCanonicalizeXPathNodeSetInternal(input.getSubNode());
				} else {
				    bytes = engineCanonicalizeXPathNodeSet(input.getNodeSet());
				}
				return bytes;

			}
			return null;
		} catch (CanonicalizationException ex) {
			throw new CanonicalizationException("empty", ex);
		} catch (ParserConfigurationException ex) {
			throw new CanonicalizationException("empty", ex);
		} catch (IOException ex) {
			throw new CanonicalizationException("empty", ex);
		} catch (SAXException ex) {
			throw new CanonicalizationException("empty", ex);
		}
   }
   /**
    * @param _writer The _writer to set.
    */
    public void setWriter(OutputStream _writer) {
    	this._writer = _writer;
    }

    /**
	 * Canonicalizes a Subtree node.
	 * 
	 * @param rootNode
	 *            the root of the subtree to canicalize
	 * @param excludeNode
	 *            a node to be excluded from the canicalize operation
	 * @return The canonicalize stream.
	 * @throws CanonicalizationException
	 */
    byte[] engineCanonicalizeSubTree(Node rootNode,Node excludeNode)
    throws CanonicalizationException {
    	this._excludeNode = excludeNode;
        try {
         NameSpaceSymbTable ns=new NameSpaceSymbTable();
         int nodeLevel=NODE_BEFORE_DOCUMENT_ELEMENT;
         if (rootNode != null && Node.ELEMENT_NODE == rootNode.getNodeType()) {
         	//Fills the nssymbtable with the definitions of the parent of the root subnode
         	getParentNameSpaces((Element)rootNode,ns);
         	nodeLevel=NODE_NOT_BEFORE_OR_AFTER_DOCUMENT_ELEMENT;
         }         
         this.canonicalizeSubTree(rootNode,ns,rootNode,nodeLevel);
         this._writer.close();
         if (this._writer instanceof ByteArrayOutputStream) {
            byte []result=((ByteArrayOutputStream)this._writer).toByteArray();
            if (reset) {
                ((ByteArrayOutputStream)this._writer).reset();        
            }
         	return result;
         }  else if (this._writer instanceof UnsyncByteArrayOutputStream) {
        	 byte []result=((UnsyncByteArrayOutputStream)this._writer).toByteArray();
             if (reset) {
                 ((UnsyncByteArrayOutputStream)this._writer).reset();        
             }
          	 return result;
         }
         return null;
         
      } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException ex) {
         throw new CanonicalizationException("empty", ex);
      } catch (IOException ex) {
         throw new CanonicalizationException("empty", ex);
      } 
   }
 
   
   /**
    * Method canonicalizeSubTree, this function is a recursive one.
    *    
    * @param currentNode
    * @param ns 
    * @param endnode 
    * @throws CanonicalizationException
    * @throws IOException
    */
    final void canonicalizeSubTree(Node currentNode, NameSpaceSymbTable ns,Node endnode,
    		int documentLevel)
    throws CanonicalizationException, IOException {
    	if (isVisibleInt(currentNode)==-1)
    		return;
    	Node sibling=null;
    	Node parentNode=null;    	
    	final OutputStream writer=this._writer;    
    	final Node excludeNode=this._excludeNode;
    	final boolean includeComments=this._includeComments;
    	Map cache=new HashMap();
    	do {
    		switch (currentNode.getNodeType()) {
    		
    		case Node.DOCUMENT_TYPE_NODE :
    		default :
    			break;
    		
    		case Node.ENTITY_NODE :
    		case Node.NOTATION_NODE :
    		case Node.ATTRIBUTE_NODE :
    			// illegal node type during traversal
    			throw new CanonicalizationException("empty");

            case Node.DOCUMENT_FRAGMENT_NODE :
    		case Node.DOCUMENT_NODE :
    			ns.outputNodePush();
    			sibling= currentNode.getFirstChild();
    			break;
    			
    		case Node.COMMENT_NODE :
    			if (includeComments) {
    				outputCommentToWriter((Comment) currentNode, writer, documentLevel);
    			}
    			break;
    			
    		case Node.PROCESSING_INSTRUCTION_NODE :
    			outputPItoWriter((ProcessingInstruction) currentNode, writer, documentLevel);
    			break;
    			
    		case Node.TEXT_NODE :
    		case Node.CDATA_SECTION_NODE :
    			outputTextToWriter(currentNode.getNodeValue(), writer);
    			break;
    			
    		case Node.ELEMENT_NODE :
    			documentLevel=NODE_NOT_BEFORE_OR_AFTER_DOCUMENT_ELEMENT;
    			if (currentNode==excludeNode) {
    				break;
    			}      
    			Element currentElement = (Element) currentNode;
    			//Add a level to the nssymbtable. So latter can be pop-back.
    			ns.outputNodePush();
    			writer.write('<');
    			String name=currentElement.getTagName();
    			UtfHelpper.writeByte(name,writer,cache);
    			
    			Iterator attrs = this.handleAttributesSubtree(currentElement,ns);
    			if (attrs!=null) {
    				//we output all Attrs which are available
    				while (attrs.hasNext()) {
    					Attr attr = (Attr) attrs.next();
    					outputAttrToWriter(attr.getNodeName(),attr.getNodeValue(), writer,cache);
    				}
    			}
    			writer.write('>');        
    			sibling= currentNode.getFirstChild(); 
    			if (sibling==null) {
    				writer.write(_END_TAG);
    				UtfHelpper.writeStringToUtf8(name,writer);        
        			writer.write('>');
        			//We fineshed with this level, pop to the previous definitions.
        			ns.outputNodePop();
				    if (parentNode != null) {
       			    		sibling= currentNode.getNextSibling();
				    }
    			} else {
    				parentNode=currentElement;
    			}
    			break;
    		}
    		while (sibling==null  && parentNode!=null) {    		      		      			
    			writer.write(_END_TAG);
    			UtfHelpper.writeByte(((Element)parentNode).getTagName(),writer,cache);        
    			writer.write('>');
    			//We fineshed with this level, pop to the previous definitions.
    			ns.outputNodePop();
    			if (parentNode==endnode)
    				return;
    			sibling=parentNode.getNextSibling();
    			parentNode=parentNode.getParentNode();
    			if (parentNode == null || Node.ELEMENT_NODE != parentNode.getNodeType()) {
    				documentLevel=NODE_AFTER_DOCUMENT_ELEMENT;
    				parentNode=null;
    			}    			
    		}      
    		if (sibling==null)
    			return;
    		currentNode=sibling;      
    		sibling=currentNode.getNextSibling();  
    	} while(true);
    }


     
   private  byte[] engineCanonicalizeXPathNodeSetInternal(Node doc)
           throws CanonicalizationException {   
      
      try { 
         this.canonicalizeXPathNodeSet(doc,doc);
         this._writer.close();
         if (this._writer instanceof ByteArrayOutputStream) {
            byte [] sol=((ByteArrayOutputStream)this._writer).toByteArray();
            if (reset) {
            	((ByteArrayOutputStream)this._writer).reset();
            }
         	return sol;
         }  else if (this._writer instanceof UnsyncByteArrayOutputStream) {
        	 byte []result=((UnsyncByteArrayOutputStream)this._writer).toByteArray();
             if (reset) {
                 ((UnsyncByteArrayOutputStream)this._writer).reset();        
             }
          	 return result;
         }
         return null;
      } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException ex) {
         throw new CanonicalizationException("empty", ex);
      } catch (IOException ex) {
         throw new CanonicalizationException("empty", ex);
      } 
   }

   /**
    * Canoicalizes all the nodes included in the currentNode and contained in the 
	* _xpathNodeSet field.
    *
    * @param currentNode
	* @param endnode
    * @throws CanonicalizationException
    * @throws IOException
    */
   final void canonicalizeXPathNodeSet(Node currentNode,Node endnode )
           throws CanonicalizationException, IOException {
   	if (isVisibleInt(currentNode)==-1)
		return;
	boolean currentNodeIsVisible = false;	  
	NameSpaceSymbTable ns=new  NameSpaceSymbTable();
	if (currentNode != null && Node.ELEMENT_NODE == currentNode.getNodeType())
		getParentNameSpaces((Element)currentNode,ns);
  	Node sibling=null;
	Node parentNode=null;	
	OutputStream writer=this._writer;
	int documentLevel=NODE_BEFORE_DOCUMENT_ELEMENT;
	Map cache=new HashMap();
	do {
		switch (currentNode.getNodeType()) {
		
		case Node.DOCUMENT_TYPE_NODE :
		default :
			break;
		
		case Node.ENTITY_NODE :
		case Node.NOTATION_NODE :
		case Node.ATTRIBUTE_NODE :
			// illegal node type during traversal
			throw new CanonicalizationException("empty");

        case Node.DOCUMENT_FRAGMENT_NODE :
		case Node.DOCUMENT_NODE :
			ns.outputNodePush();
			//currentNode = currentNode.getFirstChild();  
			sibling= currentNode.getFirstChild();
			break;
			
		case Node.COMMENT_NODE :			
			if (this._includeComments && (isVisibleDO(currentNode,ns.getLevel())==1)) {
				outputCommentToWriter((Comment) currentNode, writer, documentLevel);
			}
			break;
			
		case Node.PROCESSING_INSTRUCTION_NODE :
			if (isVisible(currentNode))
				outputPItoWriter((ProcessingInstruction) currentNode, writer, documentLevel);
			break;
			
		case Node.TEXT_NODE :
		case Node.CDATA_SECTION_NODE :
			if (isVisible(currentNode)) {
			outputTextToWriter(currentNode.getNodeValue(), writer);
			for (Node nextSibling = currentNode.getNextSibling();
                    (nextSibling != null)
                    && ((nextSibling.getNodeType() == Node.TEXT_NODE)
                        || (nextSibling.getNodeType()
                            == Node.CDATA_SECTION_NODE));
                    nextSibling = nextSibling.getNextSibling()) {
               outputTextToWriter(nextSibling.getNodeValue(), writer);
               currentNode=nextSibling;
               sibling=currentNode.getNextSibling();
            }
			
			}
			break;
			
		case Node.ELEMENT_NODE :
			documentLevel=NODE_NOT_BEFORE_OR_AFTER_DOCUMENT_ELEMENT;
			Element currentElement = (Element) currentNode;
			//Add a level to the nssymbtable. So latter can be pop-back.
			String name=null;
			int i=isVisibleDO(currentNode,ns.getLevel());
			if (i==-1) {
				sibling= currentNode.getNextSibling();
				break;
			}
			currentNodeIsVisible=(i==1);
			if (currentNodeIsVisible) {
				ns.outputNodePush();
				writer.write('<');
				name=currentElement.getTagName();
				UtfHelpper.writeByte(name,writer,cache);
			} else {
				ns.push();
			}
			
			Iterator attrs = handleAttributes(currentElement,ns);
			if (attrs!=null) {
				//we output all Attrs which are available
				while (attrs.hasNext()) {
					Attr attr = (Attr) attrs.next();
					outputAttrToWriter(attr.getNodeName(),attr.getNodeValue(), writer,cache);
				}
			}
			if (currentNodeIsVisible) {
				writer.write('>');
			}
			sibling= currentNode.getFirstChild(); 
		
			if (sibling==null) {
				if (currentNodeIsVisible) {
					writer.write(_END_TAG);
					UtfHelpper.writeByte(name,writer,cache);        
					writer.write('>');
					//We fineshed with this level, pop to the previous definitions.
					ns.outputNodePop();
				} else {
					ns.pop();
				}				
				if (parentNode != null) {
    					sibling= currentNode.getNextSibling();
				}
			} else {
				parentNode=currentElement;
			}			
			break;
		}
		while (sibling==null  && parentNode!=null) {    
			if (isVisible(parentNode)) {
				writer.write(_END_TAG);
				UtfHelpper.writeByte(((Element)parentNode).getTagName(),writer,cache);        
				writer.write('>');
				//We fineshed with this level, pop to the previous definitions.
				ns.outputNodePop();
			} else {
				ns.pop();
			}
			if (parentNode==endnode)
				return;
			sibling=parentNode.getNextSibling();
			parentNode=parentNode.getParentNode();   
			if (parentNode == null || Node.ELEMENT_NODE != parentNode.getNodeType()) {
				parentNode=null;
				documentLevel=NODE_AFTER_DOCUMENT_ELEMENT;
			}    			
		}      
		if (sibling==null)
			return;
		currentNode=sibling;      
		sibling=currentNode.getNextSibling();  
	} while(true);
   }
   int isVisibleDO(Node currentNode,int level) {
	   if (nodeFilter!=null) {
	   		Iterator it=nodeFilter.iterator();
	   		while (it.hasNext()) {   	
	   			int i=((NodeFilter)it.next()).isNodeIncludeDO(currentNode,level);
	   			if (i!=1)
	   				return i;
	   		}
		   }
	   if ((this._xpathNodeSet!=null) && !this._xpathNodeSet.contains(currentNode))
  			return 0;
	   return 1;
   }
   int isVisibleInt(Node currentNode) {
	   if (nodeFilter!=null) {
   		Iterator it=nodeFilter.iterator();
   		while (it.hasNext()) {   			
   			int i=((NodeFilter)it.next()).isNodeInclude(currentNode);
   			if (i!=1)
   				return i;
   		}
	   }
   		if ((this._xpathNodeSet!=null) && !this._xpathNodeSet.contains(currentNode))
   			return 0;
   		return 1;
   	}
   
   boolean isVisible(Node currentNode) {
	   if (nodeFilter!=null) {
   		Iterator it=nodeFilter.iterator();
   		while (it.hasNext()) {   			
   			if (((NodeFilter)it.next()).isNodeInclude(currentNode)!=1)
   				return false;
   		}
	   }
   		if ((this._xpathNodeSet!=null) && !this._xpathNodeSet.contains(currentNode))
   			return false;
   		return true;
   	}

	void handleParent(Element e,NameSpaceSymbTable ns) {
	   if (!e.hasAttributes()) {
				return;
		}
		NamedNodeMap attrs = e.getAttributes();
		int attrsLength = attrs.getLength();
		for (int i = 0; i < attrsLength; i++) {
			Attr N = (Attr) attrs.item(i);
			if (!Constants.NamespaceSpecNS.equals(N.getNamespaceURI())) {
				//Not a namespace definition, ignore.
				continue;
			}

			String NName=N.getLocalName();
			String NValue=N.getNodeValue();
			if (XML.equals(NName)
               && Constants.XML_LANG_SPACE_SpecNS.equals(NValue)) {
					continue;
			}            
			ns.addMapping(NName,NValue,N);             
		}   			
   }

	/**
	 * Adds to ns the definitons from the parent elements of el
   	 * @param el
   	 * @param ns
   	 */
   	final void getParentNameSpaces(Element el,NameSpaceSymbTable ns)  {
   		List parents=new ArrayList(10);
   		Node n1=el.getParentNode();
   		if (n1 == null || Node.ELEMENT_NODE != n1.getNodeType()) {
   			return;
   		}
   		//Obtain all the parents of the elemnt
   		Element parent=(Element) n1;
   		while (parent!=null) {
   			parents.add(parent);
   			Node n=parent.getParentNode();
   			if (n == null || Node.ELEMENT_NODE != n.getNodeType()) {
   				break;
   			}
   			parent=(Element)n;
   		}
   		//Visit them in reverse order.
   		ListIterator it=parents.listIterator(parents.size());
   		while (it.hasPrevious()) {
   			Element ele=(Element)it.previous();
   			handleParent(ele, ns);
      	}
        Attr nsprefix;
        if (((nsprefix=ns.getMappingWithoutRendered("xmlns"))!=null) 
                && "".equals(nsprefix.getValue())) {
             ns.addMappingAndRender("xmlns","",nullNode);
        }
   	}
   /**
    * Obtain the attributes to output for this node in XPathNodeSet c14n. 
    *
    * @param E
	* @param ns
	* @return the attributes nodes to output.
    * @throws CanonicalizationException
    */
   abstract Iterator handleAttributes(Element E, NameSpaceSymbTable ns )
   throws CanonicalizationException;

   /**
    * Obtain the attributes to output for this node in a Subtree c14n.
    *
    * @param E
	* @param ns
	* @return the attributes nodes to output.
    * @throws CanonicalizationException
    */
   abstract Iterator handleAttributesSubtree(Element E, NameSpaceSymbTable ns)
   throws CanonicalizationException;

   abstract void circumventBugIfNeeded(XMLSignatureInput input) throws CanonicalizationException, ParserConfigurationException, IOException, SAXException;
   
   /**
	    * Outputs an Attribute to the internal Writer.
	    *
	    * The string value of the node is modified by replacing
	    * <UL>
	    * <LI>all ampersands (&) with <CODE>&amp;amp;</CODE></LI>
	    * <LI>all open angle brackets (<) with <CODE>&amp;lt;</CODE></LI>
	    * <LI>all quotation mark characters with <CODE>&amp;quot;</CODE></LI>
	    * <LI>and the whitespace characters <CODE>#x9</CODE>, #xA, and #xD, with character
	    * references. The character references are written in uppercase
	    * hexadecimal with no leading zeroes (for example, <CODE>#xD</CODE> is represented
	    * by the character reference <CODE>&amp;#xD;</CODE>)</LI>
	    * </UL>
	    *
	    * @param name
	    * @param value
	    * @param writer 
	    * @throws IOException
	    */
	   static final void outputAttrToWriter(final String name, final String value, final OutputStream writer,
			   	final Map cache) throws IOException {
	      writer.write(' ');
	      UtfHelpper.writeByte(name,writer,cache);
	      writer.write(equalsStr);
	      byte  []toWrite;
	      final int length = value.length();
	      int i=0;
	      while (i < length) {        
	         char c = value.charAt(i++);
	
	         switch (c) {
	
	         case '&' :
	         	toWrite=_AMP_;
	            break;
	
	         case '<' :
	         	toWrite=_LT_;
	            break;
	
	         case '"' :
	         	toWrite=_QUOT_;
	            break;
	
	         case 0x09 :    // '\t'
	         	toWrite=__X9_;
	            break;
	
	         case 0x0A :    // '\n'
	         	toWrite=__XA_;
	            break;
	
	         case 0x0D :    // '\r'
	         	toWrite=__XD_;
	            break;
	
	         default :
	        	if (c < 0x80 ) {
	        		writer.write(c);
	        	} else {
	        		UtfHelpper.writeCharToUtf8(c,writer);
	        	};
	            continue;
	         }
	         writer.write(toWrite);
	      }
	
	      writer.write('\"');
	   }

	/**
	    * Outputs a PI to the internal Writer.
	    *
	    * @param currentPI
	    * @param writer where to write the things
	    * @throws IOException
	    */
	   static final void outputPItoWriter(ProcessingInstruction currentPI, OutputStream writer,int position) throws IOException {   	  
	
	      if (position == NODE_AFTER_DOCUMENT_ELEMENT) {
	        writer.write('\n');
	      }
	      writer.write(_BEGIN_PI);
	
	      final String target = currentPI.getTarget();
	      int length = target.length();
	
	      for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {         
	      	 char c=target.charAt(i);
	         if (c==0x0D) {
	            writer.write(__XD_);
	         } else {
	        	 if (c < 0x80)  {
	         		writer.write(c);
	         	} else {
	         		UtfHelpper.writeCharToUtf8(c,writer);
	         	};           
	         }
	      }
	
	      final String data = currentPI.getData();
	     
	      length = data.length();
	
	      if (length > 0) {
	         writer.write(' ');
	
	         for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {            
	         	char c=data.charAt(i);
	            if (c==0x0D) {
	               writer.write(__XD_);
	            } else {
	            	UtfHelpper.writeCharToUtf8(c,writer);               
	            }
	         }
	      }
	
	      writer.write(_END_PI);
	      if (position == NODE_BEFORE_DOCUMENT_ELEMENT) {
	        writer.write('\n');
	     }
	   }

	   /**
	    * Method outputCommentToWriter
	    *
	    * @param currentComment
	    * @param writer writer where to write the things
	    * @throws IOException
	    */
	   static final void outputCommentToWriter(Comment currentComment, OutputStream writer,int position) throws IOException {   	  
	   	  if (position == NODE_AFTER_DOCUMENT_ELEMENT) {
	   		writer.write('\n');
	   	  }
	      writer.write(_BEGIN_COMM);
	
	      final String data = currentComment.getData();
	      final int length = data.length();      
	
	      for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {         
	         char c=data.charAt(i);
	         if (c==0x0D) {
	            writer.write(__XD_);
	         } else {
	        	 if (c < 0x80)  {
	         		writer.write(c);
	         	} else {
	         		UtfHelpper.writeCharToUtf8(c,writer);
	         	};               
	         }      
	      }
	
	      writer.write(_END_COMM);
	      if (position == NODE_BEFORE_DOCUMENT_ELEMENT) {
			writer.write('\n');
		 }
	   }

	   /**
	    * Outputs a Text of CDATA section to the internal Writer.
	    *
	    * @param text
	    * @param writer writer where to write the things
	    * @throws IOException
	    */
	   static final void outputTextToWriter(final String text, final OutputStream writer) throws IOException {
	      final int length = text.length();
	      byte []toWrite;
	      for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
	         char c = text.charAt(i);
	
	         switch (c) {
	
	         case '&' :
	         	toWrite=_AMP_;
	            break;
	
	         case '<' :
	         	toWrite=_LT_;
	            break;
	
	         case '>' :
	         	toWrite=_GT_;
	            break;
	
	         case 0xD :
	         	toWrite=__XD_;
	            break;
	
	         default :
	        	 if (c < 0x80) {
	        		 writer.write(c);
	        	 } else {
	        		 UtfHelpper.writeCharToUtf8(c,writer);
	        	 };
	            continue;
	         }
	         writer.write(toWrite);
	      }
	   }
     
}
