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braille
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\pdf_title "How to write Braille with LyX"
\pdf_author "Uwe Stöhr"
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\begin_body

\begin_layout Title
How to write Braille with LyX
\end_layout

\begin_layout Author
Uwe Stöhr
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
First a general note: The Braille you can create with LaTeX is not complete!
 Braille can have 6 or 8
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset

dots, while LaTeX (and therefore LyX) only supports only 6
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset

dot Braille without accented characters.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
To write Braille with LyX, load the module 
\family sans
Braille
\family default
 in the document settings under 
\family sans
Modules
\family default
.
 Now select the environment 
\family sans
Braille
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

(default)
\family default
 or 
\family sans
Braille
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

(textsize)
\family default
 from LyX's environment selection box and write your text.
 The other Braille environments are only turn on/off some properties as
 described below; keep them empty!
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Here is an example:
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset


\begin_inset CommandInset line
LatexCommand rule
offset "0.5ex"
width "100line%"
height "1pt"

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
with Latin letters:
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset

This is an example sentence written in Braille.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
with Braille letters:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Braille (default)
This is an example sentence written in Braille.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\noindent
\begin_inset CommandInset line
LatexCommand rule
offset "0.5ex"
width "100line%"
height "1pt"

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset VSpace bigskip
\end_inset

You can see that LaTeX is not able to hyphenate words written in Braille;
 you have to do this manually.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset VSpace bigskip
\end_inset


\begin_inset Note Greyedout
status open

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\series bold
Note:
\series default
 Only Latin letters, numbers, punctuations, parentheses, and brackets can
 be printed in Braille.
 Special characters like 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

@
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

, or 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

$
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

, accented characters like umlauts, as well as line breaks are not supported.
\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset VSpace bigskip
\end_inset


\begin_inset Note Greyedout
status open

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\series bold
Note:
\series default
 LyX's and LaTeX's proper names 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

LaTeX
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

, 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

LaTeX2e
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

, 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

TeX
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

, and 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

LyX
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset

 must be inserted as TeX code like in the following example:
\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\noindent
\begin_inset CommandInset line
LatexCommand rule
offset "0.5ex"
width "100line%"
height "1pt"

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Latin: 
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout

LyX
\end_layout

\end_inset

 is cool!
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset

Braille:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Braille (default)
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout

LyX
\end_layout

\end_inset

 is cool!
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\noindent
\begin_inset CommandInset line
LatexCommand rule
offset "0.5ex"
width "100line%"
height "1pt"

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Here is an overview about the different Braille environments using the example
 text 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset

This is Braille.
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset VSpace bigskip
\end_inset


\family sans
Braille
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

(default)
\family default
:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Braille (default)
This is Braille.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard

\family sans
Braille
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

(textsize)
\family default
 - size that approximately matches the document's text size:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Braille (textsize)
This is Braille.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset VSpace bigskip
\end_inset


\family sans
Braille
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

(dots on)
\family default
 - tiny dots can be displayed at empty positions:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Braille (dots on)

\end_layout

\begin_layout Braille (textsize)
This is Braille.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset VSpace bigskip
\end_inset

Text can be printed mirror-inverted for embossing the Braille by hand with
 a needle or another suitable device:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Normal:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Braille (default)
This is Braille.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard

\family sans
Braille
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

(mirror on)
\family default
:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Braille (mirror on)

\end_layout

\begin_layout Braille (default)
This is Braille.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Braille (mirror off)

\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset VSpace bigskip
\end_inset

Braille characters can alternatively be created by writing a number to a
 Braille box.
 A Braille box is inserted with the menu
\family sans
 Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
Custom
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

insets
\family default
.
 Every number in this box turns on the corresponding Braille dot.
 For example, the number
\series bold
 6145
\series default
 results in:
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset


\begin_inset Flex Braillebox
status open

\begin_layout Plain Layout
6145
\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset VSpace bigskip
\end_inset

Computer Braille that uses 8
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset

dots can be turned on with the command
\series bold
 
\backslash
brailleeightdotstrue
\series default
.
 But the two extra dots are only printed when using a Braille box.
 For example, the number 
\series bold
8175
\series default
 in a Braille box results in:
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset


\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout


\backslash
brailleeightdotstrue 
\end_layout

\end_inset

 
\begin_inset Flex Braillebox
status open

\begin_layout Plain Layout
8175
\end_layout

\end_inset

 
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout


\backslash
brailleeightdotsfalse 
\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset VSpace bigskip
\end_inset

The size of the default Braille font can be changed by the length 
\series bold

\backslash
brailleunit
\series default
.
 Its default value is 2.4
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset

mm.
 To get e.
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset

g.
\begin_inset space \space{}
\end_inset

double-sized Braille use this command in TeX code in your document:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard

\series bold

\backslash
renewcommand{
\backslash
braillenormal}[1]
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset


\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

{
\backslash
setlength{
\backslash
brailleunit}{4.8mm}
\backslash
braille{#1}}
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Double-sized Braille:
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout


\backslash
renewcommand{
\backslash
braillenormal}[1]
\end_layout

\begin_layout Plain Layout

 {
\backslash
setlength{
\backslash
brailleunit}{4mm}
\backslash
braille{#1}}
\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Braille (default)
This is Braille.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout


\backslash
renewcommand{
\backslash
braillenormal}[1]
\end_layout

\begin_layout Plain Layout

 {
\backslash
setlength{
\backslash
brailleunit}{2mm}
\backslash
braille{#1}}
\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset VSpace bigskip
\end_inset

For more informations about the Braille cell dimensions have a look at
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset


\begin_inset CommandInset href
LatexCommand href
name "http://www.tiresias.org/research/reports/braille_cell.htm"
target "http://www.tiresias.org/research/reports/braille_cell.htm"

\end_inset

.
\end_layout

\end_body
\end_document
