/*
 * object.h
 *
 * Mother of all ancestor classes.
 *
 * Portable Tools Library
 *
 * Copyright (c) 1993-1998 Equivalence Pty. Ltd.
 *
 * The contents of this file are subject to the Mozilla Public License
 * Version 1.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in
 * compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
 * http://www.mozilla.org/MPL/
 *
 * Software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS"
 * basis, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See
 * the License for the specific language governing rights and limitations
 * under the License.
 *
 * The Original Code is Portable Windows Library.
 *
 * The Initial Developer of the Original Code is Equivalence Pty. Ltd.
 *
 * Portions are Copyright (C) 1993 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 * All Rights Reserved.
 *
 * Contributor(s): ______________________________________.
 *
 * $Revision: 22742 $
 * $Author: rjongbloed $
 * $Date: 2009-05-27 19:13:15 -0500 (Wed, 27 May 2009) $
 */

#ifndef PTLIB_OBJECT_H
#define PTLIB_OBJECT_H

#ifdef P_USE_PRAGMA
#pragma interface
#endif

#if defined(_WIN32) || defined(_WIN32_WCE)
#include "msos/ptlib/contain.h"
#else
#include "unix/ptlib/contain.h"
#endif

#if defined(P_VXWORKS)
#include <private/stdiop.h>
#endif

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdarg.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

#include <string.h>

#include <string>
#include <iomanip>
#include <iostream>
#include <sstream>


#define P_REMOVE_VIRTUAL_INTERNAL_BASE(fn) __inline virtual struct ptlib_virtual_function_changed_or_removed ****** fn { return 0; }

#if defined(_MSC_VER)
  #if _MSC_VER < 1310
    #define P_DEPRECATED
    #define P_REMOVE_VIRTUAL_INTERNAL(type, fn, body) P_REMOVE_VIRTUAL_INTERNAL_BASE(fn)
  #elif _MSC_VER < 1400
    #define P_DEPRECATED __declspec(deprecated)
    #define P_REMOVE_VIRTUAL_INTERNAL(type, fn, body) __inline virtual __declspec(deprecated) type fn body
  #else
    #define P_DEPRECATED __declspec(deprecated)
    #define P_REMOVE_VIRTUAL_INTERNAL(type, fn, body) __inline virtual __declspec(deprecated("Virtual function signature changed or function deprecated")) type fn body
  #endif
#elif defined(__GNUC__)
  #if __GNUC__ < 4
    #define P_DEPRECATED
    #define P_REMOVE_VIRTUAL_INTERNAL(type, fn, body) P_REMOVE_VIRTUAL_INTERNAL_BASE(fn)
  #else
    #define P_DEPRECATED __attribute__((deprecated))
    #define P_REMOVE_VIRTUAL_INTERNAL(type, fn, body) __attribute__((warn_unused_result)) __attribute__((deprecated)) P_REMOVE_VIRTUAL_INTERNAL_BASE(fn)
  #endif
#else
    #define P_DEPRECATED
    #define P_REMOVE_VIRTUAL_INTERNAL(type, fn, body) P_REMOVE_VIRTUAL_INTERNAL_BASE(fn)
#endif

#define P_REMOVE_VIRTUAL_VOID(fn)       P_REMOVE_VIRTUAL_INTERNAL(void, fn, {})
#define P_REMOVE_VIRTUAL(type, fn, ret) P_REMOVE_VIRTUAL_INTERNAL(type, fn, { return ret; })


// P_USE_INTEGER_BOOL is the default and gives the old behaviour (it
// is also used for C translation units).
// without P_USE_INTEGER_BOOL, the ANSI C++ bool is used.

#if defined(P_USE_INTEGER_BOOL) || !defined(__cplusplus)
   typedef BOOL PBoolean;
#  define PTrue TRUE
#  define PFalse FALSE
#else
   typedef bool PBoolean;
#  define PTrue true
#  define PFalse false
#endif


///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Disable inlines when debugging for faster compiles (the compiler doesn't
// actually inline the function with debug on any way).

#ifndef P_USE_INLINES
#ifdef _DEBUG
#define P_USE_INLINES 0
#else
#define P_USE_INLINES 0
#endif
#endif

#if P_USE_INLINES
#define PINLINE inline
#else
#define PINLINE
#endif


///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Declare the debugging support

#ifndef P_USE_ASSERTS
#define P_USE_ASSERTS 1
#endif

#if !P_USE_ASSERTS

#define PAssert(b, m) (b)
#define PAssert2(b, c, m) (b)
#define PAssertOS(b) (b)
#define PAssertNULL(p) (p)
#define PAssertAlways(m) {}
#define PAssertAlways2(c, m) {}

#else // P_USE_ASSERTS

/// Standard assert messages for the PAssert macro.
enum PStandardAssertMessage {
  PLogicError,              ///< A logic error occurred.
  POutOfMemory,             ///< A new or malloc failed.
  PNullPointerReference,    ///< A reference was made through a NULL pointer.
  PInvalidCast,             ///< An invalid cast to descendant is required.
  PInvalidArrayIndex,       ///< An index into an array was negative.
  PInvalidArrayElement,     ///< A NULL array element object was accessed.
  PStackEmpty,              ///< A Pop() was made of a stack with no elements.
  PUnimplementedFunction,   ///< Funtion is not implemented.
  PInvalidParameter,        ///< Invalid parameter was passed to a function.
  POperatingSystemError,    ///< Error was returned by Operating System.
  PChannelNotOpen,          ///< Operation attempted when channel not open.
  PUnsupportedFeature,      ///< Feature is not supported.
  PInvalidWindow,           ///< Access through invalid window.
  PMaxStandardAssertMessage ///< Number of standard assert message.
};

#define __CLASS__ NULL

void PAssertFunc(const char * file, int line, const char * className, PStandardAssertMessage msg);
void PAssertFunc(const char * file, int line, const char * className, const char * msg);
void PAssertFunc(const char * full_msg);

inline bool PAssertFuncInline(bool b, const char * file, int line, const char * className, PStandardAssertMessage msg)
{
  if (!b) 
    PAssertFunc(file, line, className, msg);
  return b;
}
inline bool PAssertFuncInline(bool b, const char * file, int line, const char * className, const char * msg)
{
  if (!b) 
    PAssertFunc(file, line, className, msg);
  return b;
}

/** This macro is used to assert that a condition must be PTrue.
If the condition is PFalse then an assert function is called with the source
file and line number the macro was instantiated on, plus the message described
by the #msg parameter. This parameter may be either a standard value
from the #PStandardAssertMessage enum or a literal string.
*/
#define PAssert(b, m) PAssertFuncInline((b), __FILE__,__LINE__,__CLASS__,(m))

/** This macro is used to assert that a condition must be PTrue.
If the condition is PFalse then an assert function is called with the source
file and line number the macro was instantiated on, plus the message described
by the #msg parameter. This parameter may be either a standard value
from the #PStandardAssertMessage enum or a literal string.
The #c parameter specifies the class name that the error occurred in
*/
#define PAssert2(b, c, m) PAssertFuncInline((b), __FILE__,__LINE__,(c),(m))

/** This macro is used to assert that an operating system call succeeds.
If the condition is PFalse then an assert function is called with the source
file and line number the macro was instantiated on, plus the message
described by the #POperatingSystemError value in the #PStandardAssertMessage
enum.
 */
#define PAssertOS(b) PAssertFuncInline((b), __FILE__,__LINE__,__CLASS__,POperatingSystemError)

/** This macro is used to assert that a pointer must be non-null.
If the pointer is NULL then an assert function is called with the source file
and line number the macro was instantiated on, plus the message described by
the PNullPointerReference value in the #PStandardAssertMessage enum.

Note that this evaluates the expression defined by #ptr twice. To
prevent incorrect behaviour with this, the macro will assume that the
#ptr parameter is an L-Value.
 */
#define PAssertNULL(p) (((p)!=NULL)?(p): \
                     (PAssertFunc(__FILE__,__LINE__, __CLASS__, PNullPointerReference),(p)))

/** This macro is used to assert immediately.
The assert function is called with the source file and line number the macro
was instantiated on, plus the message described by the #msg parameter. This
parameter may be either a standard value from the #PStandardAssertMessage
enum or a literal string.
*/
#define PAssertAlways(m) PAssertFunc(__FILE__,__LINE__,__CLASS__,(m))

/** This macro is used to assert immediately.
The assert function is called with the source file and line number the macro
was instantiated on, plus the message described by the #msg parameter. This
parameter may be either a standard value from the #PStandardAssertMessage
enum or a literal string.
*/
#define PAssertAlways2(c, m) PAssertFunc(__FILE__,__LINE__,(c),(m))

#endif // P_USE_ASSERTS


/** Get the stream being used for error output.
This stream is used for all trace output using the various trace functions
and macros.
*/
ostream & PGetErrorStream();

/** Set the stream to be used for error output.
This stream is used for all error output using the #PError macro.
*/
void PSetErrorStream(ostream * strm /** New stream for error output */ );

/** This macro is used to access the platform specific error output stream.
This is to be used in preference to assuming #cerr is always available. On
Unix platforms this {\bfis} #cerr but for MS-Windows this is another stream
that uses the OutputDebugString() Windows API function. Note that a MS-DOS or
Windows NT console application would still use #cerr.

The #PError stream would normally only be used for debugging information as
a suitable display is not always available in windowed environments.
   
The macro is a wrapper for a global variable #PErrorStream which is a pointer
to an #ostream. The variable is initialised to #cerr for all but MS-Windows
and NT GUI applications. An application could change this pointer to a
#ofstream variable of #PError output is wished to be redirected to a file.
*/
#define PError (PGetErrorStream())



///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Debug and tracing

#ifndef PTRACING
#define PTRACING 1
#endif

#if PTRACING

/**Class to encapsulate tracing functions.
   This class does not require any instances and is only being used as a
   method of grouping functions together in a name space.
  */
class PTrace
{
public:
  /// Options for trace output.
  enum Options {
    /**Include PTrace::Block constructs in output
       If this is bit is clear, all PTrace::Block output is inhibited
       regardless of the trace level. If set, the PTrace::Block may occur
       provided the trace level is greater than zero.
    */
    Blocks = 1,
    /// Include date and time in all output
    DateAndTime = 2,
    /// Include (millisecond) timestamp in all output
    Timestamp = 4,
    /// Include identifier for thread trace is made from in all output
    Thread = 8,
    /// Include trace level in all output
    TraceLevel = 16,
    /// Include the file and line for the trace call in all output
    FileAndLine = 32,
    /// Include thread object pointer address in all trace output
    ThreadAddress = 64,
    /// Append to log file rather than resetting every time
    AppendToFile = 128,
    /** Output timestamps in GMT time rather than local time
      */
    GMTTime = 256,
    /** If set, log file will be rotated 
      */
    RotateDaily = 512,
    RotateHourly = 1024,
    RotateMinutely = 2048,
    RotateLogMask = RotateDaily + RotateHourly + RotateMinutely,
    /** SystemLog flag for tracing within a PServiceProcess application. Must
        be set in conjection with SetStream(new PSystemLog).
      */
    SystemLogStream = 32768
  };


  /**Set the most common trace options.
     If filename is not NULL then a PTextFile is created and attached the
     trace output stream. This object is never closed or deleted until the
     termination of the program.

     A trace output of the program name version and OS is written as well.
    */
  static void Initialise(
    unsigned level,
    const char * filename = NULL,
    unsigned options = Timestamp | Thread | Blocks
  );

  /**Set the most common trace options.
     If filename is not NULL then a PTextFile is created and attached the
     trace output stream. This object is never closed or deleted until the
     termination of the program.

     If rolloverPatterm is not NULL it is used as the time format patterm
     appended to filename if the RotateDaily is set. Default: yyyy_MM_dd

     A trace output of the program name version and OS is written as well.
    */
  static void Initialise(
    unsigned level,
    const char * filename,
    const char * rolloverPattern,
    unsigned options = Timestamp | Thread | Blocks
  );

  /** Set the trace options.
  The PTRACE(), PTRACE_BLOCK() and PTRACE_LINE() macros output trace text that
  may contain assorted values. These are defined by the Options enum.

  Note this function OR's the bits included in the options parameter.
  */
  static void SetOptions(unsigned options /** New level for trace */ );

  /** Clear the trace options.
  The #PTRACE(), #PTRACE_BLOCK() and #PTRACE_LINE() macros output trace text that
  may contain assorted values. These are defined by the Options enum.

  Note this function AND's the complement of the bits included in the options
  parameter.
  */
  static void ClearOptions(unsigned options /** New level for trace */ );

  /** Get the current trace options.
  The #PTRACE(), #PTRACE_BLOCK() and #PTRACE_LINE() macros output trace text that
  may contain assorted values. These are defined by the Options enum.
  */
  static unsigned GetOptions();

  /** Set the trace level.
  The #PTRACE() macro checks to see if its level is equal to or lower then the
  level set by this function. If so then the trace text is output to the trace
  stream.
  */
  static void SetLevel(unsigned level /** New level for trace */ );

  /** Get the trace level.
  The #PTRACE() macro checks to see if its level is equal to or lower then the
  level set by this function. If so then the trace text is output to the trace
  stream.
  */
  static unsigned GetLevel();

  /** Determine if the level may cause trace output.
  This checks against the current global trace level set by #PSetTraceLevel
  for if the trace output may be emitted. This is used by the PTRACE macro.
  */
  static PBoolean CanTrace(unsigned level /** Trace level to check */);

  /** Set the stream to be used for trace output.
  This stream is used for all trace output using the various trace functions
  and macros.
  */
  static void SetStream(ostream * out /** New output stream from trace. */ );

  /** Begin a trace output.
  If the trace stream output is used outside of the provided macros, it
  should be noted that a mutex is obtained on the call to #PBeginTrace which
  will prevent any other threads from using the trace stream until the
  #PEndTrace function is called.

  So a typical usage would be:
  \verbatim
    ostream & s = PTrace::Begin(3, __FILE__, __LINE__);
    s << "hello";
    if (want_there)
      s << " there";
    s << '!' << PTrace::End();
  \endverbatim
  */
  static ostream & Begin(
    unsigned level,         ///< Log level for output
    const char * fileName,  ///< Filename of source file being traced
    int lineNum             ///< Line number of source file being traced.
  );

  /** End a trace output.
  If the trace stream output is used outside of the provided macros, the
  #PEndTrace function must be used at the end of the section of trace
  output. A mutex is obtained on the call to #PBeginTrace which will prevent
  any other threads from using the trace stream until the PEndTrace. The
  #PEndTrace is used in a similar manner to #::endl or #::flush.

  So a typical usage would be:
  \verbatim
    ostream & s = PTrace::Begin();
    s << "hello";
    if (want_there)
      s << " there";
    s << '!' << PTrace::End();
  \endverbatim
  */
  static ostream & End(ostream & strm /** Trace output stream being completed */);

  /** Cleanup the trace system for a specific thread
      When using thread local storage, this will delete the per-thread trace context
    */
  static void Cleanup();

  /** Class to trace Execution blocks.
  This class is used for tracing the entry and exit of program blocks. Upon
  construction it outputs an entry trace message and on destruction outputs an
  exit trace message. This is normally only used from in the #PTRACE_BLOCK macro.
  */
  class Block {
    public:
      /** Output entry trace message. */
      Block(
        const char * fileName, ///< Filename of source file being traced
        int lineNum,           ///< Line number of source file being traced.
        const char * traceName
          ///< String to be output with trace, typically it is the function name.
       );
      Block(const Block & obj)
        : file(obj.file), line(obj.line), name(obj.name) { }
      /// Output exit trace message.
      ~Block();
    private:
      Block & operator=(const Block &)
      { return *this; }
      const char * file;
      int          line;
      const char * name;
  };
};

/* Macro to conditionally declare a parameter to a function to avoid compiler
   warning due that parameter only being used in a #PTRACE */
#define PTRACE_PARAM(param) param

/** Trace an execution block.
This macro creates a trace variable for tracking the entry and exit of program
blocks. It creates an instance of the PTraceBlock class that will output a
trace message at the line #PTRACE_BLOCK is called and then on exit from the
scope it is defined in.
*/
#define PTRACE_BLOCK(name) PTrace::Block __trace_block_instance(__FILE__, __LINE__, name)

/** Trace the execution of a line.
This macro outputs a trace of a source file line execution.
*/
#define PTRACE_LINE() \
    if (PTrace::CanTrace(1)) \
      PTrace::Begin(1, __FILE__, __LINE__) << __FILE__ << '(' << __LINE__ << ')' << PTrace::End; \
    else (void)0

/** Output trace.
This macro outputs a trace of any information needed, using standard stream
output operators. The output is only made if the trace level set by the
#PSetTraceLevel function is greater than or equal to the #level argument.
*/
#define PTRACE(level, args) \
    if (PTrace::CanTrace(level)) \
      PTrace::Begin(level, __FILE__, __LINE__) << args << PTrace::End; \
    else (void)0

/** Output trace on condition.
This macro outputs a trace of any information needed, using standard stream
output operators. The output is only made if the trace level set by the
#PSetTraceLevel function is greater than or equal to the #level argument
and the conditional is PTrue. Note the conditional is only evaluated if the
trace level is sufficient.
*/
#define PTRACE_IF(level, cond, args) \
    if ((PTrace::CanTrace(level) && (cond))) \
      PTrace::Begin(level, __FILE__, __LINE__) << args << PTrace::End; \
    else (void)0

#else // PTRACING

#define PTRACE_PARAM(param)
#define PTRACE_BLOCK(n)
#define PTRACE_LINE()
#define PTRACE(level, arg)
#define PTRACE_IF(level, cond, args)

#endif // PTRACING



#if PMEMORY_CHECK || (defined(_MSC_VER) && defined(_DEBUG) && !defined(_WIN32_WCE)) 

#define PMEMORY_HEAP 1

/** Memory heap checking class.
This class implements the memory heap checking and validation functions. It
maintains lists of allocated block so that memory leaks can be detected. It
also initialises memory on allocation and deallocation to help catch errors
involving the use of dangling pointers.
*/
class PMemoryHeap {
  public:
    /// Initialise the memory checking subsystem.
    PMemoryHeap();

    // Clear up the memory checking subsystem, dumping memory leaks.
    ~PMemoryHeap();

    /** Allocate a memory block.
       This allocates a new memory block and keeps track of it. The memory
       block is filled with the value in the #allocFillChar member variable
       to help detect uninitialised structures.
       @return pointer to newly allocated memory block.
     */
    static void * Allocate(
      size_t nSize,           ///< Number of bytes to allocate.
      const char * file,      ///< Source file name for allocating function.
      int line,               ///< Source file line for allocating function.
      const char * className  ///< Class name for allocating function.
    );
    /** Allocate a memory block.
       This allocates a new memory block and keeps track of it. The memory
       block is filled with the value in the #allocFillChar member variable
       to help detect uninitialised structures.
       @return pointer to newly allocated memory block.
     */
    static void * Allocate(
      size_t count,       ///< Number of items to allocate.
      size_t iSize,       ///< Size in bytes of each item.
      const char * file,  ///< Source file name for allocating function.
      int line            ///< Source file line for allocating function.
    );

    /** Change the size of an allocated memory block.
       This allocates a new memory block and keeps track of it. The memory
       block is filled with the value in the #allocFillChar member variable
       to help detect uninitialised structures.
      @return pointer to reallocated memory block. Note this may
      {\em not} be the same as the pointer passed into the function.
     */
    static void * Reallocate(
      void * ptr,         ///< Pointer to memory block to reallocate.
      size_t nSize,       ///< New number of bytes to allocate.
      const char * file,  ///< Source file name for allocating function.
      int line            ///< Source file line for allocating function.
    );

    /** Free a memory block.
      The memory is deallocated, a warning is displayed if it was never
      allocated. The block of memory is filled with the value in the
      #freeFillChar member variable.
     */
    static void Deallocate(
      void * ptr,             ///< Pointer to memory block to deallocate.
      const char * className  ///< Class name for deallocating function.
    );

    /** Validation result.
     */
    enum Validation {
      Ok, Bad, Trashed
    };
    /** Validate the memory pointer.
        The #ptr parameter is validated as a currently allocated heap
        variable.
        @return Ok for pointer is in heap, Bad for pointer is not in the heap
        or Trashed if the pointer is in the heap but has overwritten the guard
        bytes before or after the actual data part of the memory block.
     */
    static Validation Validate(
      const void * ptr,       ///< Pointer to memory block to check
      const char * className, ///< Class name it should be.
      ostream * error         ///< Stream to receive error message (may be NULL)
    );

    /** Validate all objects in memory.
       This effectively calls Validate() on every object in the heap.
        @return PTrue if every object in heap is Ok.
     */
    static PBoolean ValidateHeap(
      ostream * error = NULL  ///< Stream to output, use default if NULL
    );

    /** Ignore/Monitor allocations.
       Set internal flag so that allocations are not included in the memory
       leak check on program termination.
       Returns the previous state.
     */
    static PBoolean SetIgnoreAllocations(
      PBoolean ignore  ///< New flag for allocation ignoring.
    );

    /** Get memory check system statistics.
        Dump statistics output to the default stream.
     */
    static void DumpStatistics();
    /** Get memory check system statistics.
        Dump statistics output to the specified stream.
     */
    static void DumpStatistics(ostream & strm /** Stream to output to */);

#if PMEMORY_CHECK
    struct State {
      DWORD allocationNumber;
    };
#else
	typedef _CrtMemState State;
#endif

    /* Get memory state.
      This returns a state that may be used to determine where to start dumping
      objects from.
     */
    static void GetState(
      State & state  ///< Memory state
    );

    /** Dump allocated objects.
       Dump ojects allocated and not deallocated since the specified object
       number. This would be a value returned by the #GetAllocationRequest()
       function.

       Output is to the default stream.
     */
    static void DumpObjectsSince(
      const State & when    ///< Memory state to begin dump from.
    );

    /** Dump allocated objects.
       Dump ojects allocated and not deallocated since the specified object
       number. This would be a value returned by the #GetAllocationRequest()#
       function.
     */
    static void DumpObjectsSince(
      const State & when,   ///< Memory state to begin dump from.
      ostream & strm        ///< Stream to output dump
    );

    /** Set break point allocation number.
      Set the allocation request number to cause an assert. This allows a
      developer to cause a halt in a debugger on a certain allocation allowing
      them to determine memory leaks allocation point.
     */
    static void SetAllocationBreakpoint(
      DWORD point   ///< Allocation number to stop at.
    );

#if PMEMORY_CHECK

  protected:
    void * InternalAllocate(
      size_t nSize,           // Number of bytes to allocate.
      const char * file,      // Source file name for allocating function.
      int line,               // Source file line for allocating function.
      const char * className  // Class name for allocating function.
    );
    Validation InternalValidate(
      const void * ptr,       // Pointer to memory block to check
      const char * className, // Class name it should be.
      ostream * error         // Stream to receive error message (may be NULL)
    );
    void InternalDumpStatistics(ostream & strm);
    void InternalDumpObjectsSince(DWORD objectNumber, ostream & strm);

    class Wrapper {
      public:
        Wrapper();
        ~Wrapper();
        PMemoryHeap * operator->() const { return instance; }
      private:
        PMemoryHeap * instance;
    };
    friend class Wrapper;

    enum Flags {
      NoLeakPrint = 1
    };

#pragma pack(1)
    struct Header {
      enum {
        // Assure that the Header struct is aligned to 8 byte boundary
        NumGuardBytes = 16 - (sizeof(Header *) +
                              sizeof(Header *) +
                              sizeof(const char *) +
                              sizeof(const char *) +
                              sizeof(size_t) +
                              sizeof(DWORD) +
                              sizeof(WORD) +
                              sizeof(BYTE)
#ifdef P_LINUX
                              + sizeof(pthread_t)
#endif
                              )%8
      };

      Header     * prev;
      Header     * next;
      const char * className;
      const char * fileName;
      size_t       size;
      DWORD        request;
      WORD         line;
      BYTE         flags;
#ifdef P_LINUX
      pthread_t    thread;
#endif
      char         guard[NumGuardBytes];

      static char GuardBytes[NumGuardBytes];
    };
#pragma pack()

    PBoolean isDestroyed;

    Header * listHead;
    Header * listTail;

    static DWORD allocationBreakpoint;
    DWORD allocationRequest;
    DWORD firstRealObject;
    BYTE  flags;

    char  allocFillChar;
    char  freeFillChar;

    DWORD currentMemoryUsage;
    DWORD peakMemoryUsage;
    DWORD currentObjects;
    DWORD peakObjects;
    DWORD totalObjects;

    ostream * leakDumpStream;

#if defined(_WIN32)
    CRITICAL_SECTION mutex;
#elif defined(P_PTHREADS)
    pthread_mutex_t mutex;
#elif defined(P_VXWORKS)
    void * mutex;
#endif

#else

#define P_CLIENT_BLOCK (_CLIENT_BLOCK|(0x61<<16)) // This identifies a PObject derived class
    _CrtMemState initialState;

#endif // PMEMORY_CHECK
};


/** Allocate memory for the run time library.
This version of free is used for data that is not to be allocated using the
memory check system, ie will be free'ed inside the C run time library.
*/
inline void * runtime_malloc(size_t bytes /** Size of block to allocate */ ) { return malloc(bytes); }

/** Free memory allocated by run time library.
This version of free is used for data that is not allocated using the
memory check system, ie was malloc'ed inside the C run time library.
*/
inline void runtime_free(void * ptr /** Memory block to free */ ) { free(ptr); }


/** Override of system call for memory check system.
This macro is used to allocate memory via the memory check system selected
with the #PMEMORY_CHECK compile time option. It will include the source file
and line into the memory allocation to allow the PMemoryHeap class to keep
track of the memory block.
*/
#define malloc(s) PMemoryHeap::Allocate(s, __FILE__, __LINE__, NULL)

/** Override of system call for memory check system.
This macro is used to allocate memory via the memory check system selected
with the #PMEMORY_CHECK compile time option. It will include the source file
and line into the memory allocation to allow the PMemoryHeap class to keep
track of the memory block.
*/
#define calloc(n,s) PMemoryHeap::Allocate(n, s, __FILE__, __LINE__)

/** Override of system call for memory check system.
This macro is used to allocate memory via the memory check system selected
with the #PMEMORY_CHECK compile time option. It will include the source file
and line into the memory allocation to allow the PMemoryHeap class to keep
track of the memory block.
*/
#define realloc(p,s) PMemoryHeap::Reallocate(p, s, __FILE__, __LINE__)


/** Override of system call for memory check system.
This macro is used to deallocate memory via the memory check system selected
with the #PMEMORY_CHECK compile time option. It will include the source file
and line into the memory allocation to allow the PMemoryHeap class to keep
track of the memory block.
*/
#define free(p) PMemoryHeap::Deallocate(p, NULL)


/** Override of system call for memory check system.
This macro is used to deallocate memory via the memory check system selected
with the #PMEMORY_CHECK compile time option. It will include the source file
and line into the memory allocation to allow the PMemoryHeap class to keep
track of the memory block.
*/
#define cfree(p) PMemoryHeap::Deallocate(p, NULL)


/** Macro for overriding system default #new operator.
This macro is used to allocate memory via the memory check system selected
with the PMEMORY_CHECK compile time option. It will include the source file
and line into the memory allocation to allow the PMemoryHeap class to keep
track of the memory block.

This macro could be used instead of the system #new operator. Or you can place
the line
\verbatim
  #define new PNEW
\endverbatim
at the begining of the source file, after all declarations that use the
PCLASSINFO macro.
*/
#define PNEW  new (__FILE__, __LINE__)

#if !defined(_MSC_VER) || _MSC_VER<1200
#define PSPECIAL_DELETE_FUNCTION
#else
#define PSPECIAL_DELETE_FUNCTION \
    void operator delete(void * ptr, const char *, int) \
      { PMemoryHeap::Deallocate(ptr, Class()); } \
    void operator delete[](void * ptr, const char *, int) \
      { PMemoryHeap::Deallocate(ptr, Class()); }
#endif

#define PNEW_AND_DELETE_FUNCTIONS \
    void * operator new(size_t nSize, const char * file, int line) \
      { return PMemoryHeap::Allocate(nSize, file, line, Class()); } \
    void * operator new(size_t nSize) \
      { return PMemoryHeap::Allocate(nSize, NULL, 0, Class()); } \
    void operator delete(void * ptr) \
      { PMemoryHeap::Deallocate(ptr, Class()); } \
    void * operator new(size_t, void * placement) \
      { return placement; } \
    void operator delete(void *, void *) \
      { } \
    void * operator new[](size_t nSize, const char * file, int line) \
      { return PMemoryHeap::Allocate(nSize, file, line, Class()); } \
    void * operator new[](size_t nSize) \
      { return PMemoryHeap::Allocate(nSize, NULL, 0, Class()); } \
    void operator delete[](void * ptr) \
      { PMemoryHeap::Deallocate(ptr, Class()); } \
    PSPECIAL_DELETE_FUNCTION


inline void * operator new(size_t nSize, const char * file, int line)
  { return PMemoryHeap::Allocate(nSize, file, line, NULL); }

inline void * operator new[](size_t nSize, const char * file, int line)
  { return PMemoryHeap::Allocate(nSize, file, line, NULL); }

#ifndef __GNUC__
void * operator new(size_t nSize);
void * operator new[](size_t nSize);

void operator delete(void * ptr);
void operator delete[](void * ptr);

#if defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER>=1200
inline void operator delete(void * ptr, const char *, int)
  { PMemoryHeap::Deallocate(ptr, NULL); }

inline void operator delete[](void * ptr, const char *, int)
  { PMemoryHeap::Deallocate(ptr, NULL); }
#endif
#endif


class PMemoryHeapIgnoreAllocationsForScope {
public:
  PMemoryHeapIgnoreAllocationsForScope() : previousIgnoreAllocations(PMemoryHeap::SetIgnoreAllocations(PTrue)) { }
  ~PMemoryHeapIgnoreAllocationsForScope() { PMemoryHeap::SetIgnoreAllocations(previousIgnoreAllocations); }
private:
  PBoolean previousIgnoreAllocations;
};

#define PMEMORY_IGNORE_ALLOCATIONS_FOR_SCOPE PMemoryHeapIgnoreAllocationsForScope instance_PMemoryHeapIgnoreAllocationsForScope

class PMemoryAllocationBreakpoint {
public:
  PMemoryAllocationBreakpoint(DWORD point)
  {
    PMemoryHeap::SetAllocationBreakpoint(point);
  }
};

#define PMEMORY_ALLOCATION_BREAKPOINT(point) PMemoryAllocationBreakpoint PMemoryAllocationBreakpointInstance(point)


#else // PMEMORY_CHECK || (defined(_MSC_VER) && defined(_DEBUG))

#define PMEMORY_HEAP 0

#define PNEW new

#define PNEW_AND_DELETE_FUNCTIONS

#define runtime_malloc(s) malloc(s)
#define runtime_free(p) free(p)

#define PMEMORY_IGNORE_ALLOCATIONS_FOR_SCOPE
#define PMEMORY_ALLOCATION_BREAKPOINT(point)

#endif // PMEMORY_CHECK || (defined(_MSC_VER) && defined(_DEBUG))


/** Declare all the standard PWlib class information.
This macro is used to provide the basic run-time typing capability needed
by the library. All descendent classes from the #PObject class require
these functions for correct operation. Either use this macro or the
#PDECLARE_CLASS macro.

The use of the #PDECLARE_CLASS macro is no longer recommended for reasons
of compatibility with documentation systems.
*/

#define PCLASSINFO(cls, par) \
  public: \
    static inline const char * Class() \
      { return #cls; } \
    virtual PBoolean InternalIsDescendant(const char * clsName) const \
      { return strcmp(clsName, cls::Class()) == 0 || par::InternalIsDescendant(clsName); } \
    virtual const char * GetClass(unsigned ancestor = 0) const \
      { return ancestor > 0 ? par::GetClass(ancestor-1) : cls::Class(); } \
    virtual Comparison CompareObjectMemoryDirect(const PObject & _obj) const \
      { return (Comparison)memcmp(this, &_obj, sizeof(cls)); } \
    PNEW_AND_DELETE_FUNCTIONS


#if P_HAS_TYPEINFO

#define PIsDescendant(ptr, cls)    (dynamic_cast<const cls *>(ptr) != NULL) 
#define PIsDescendantStr(ptr, str) ((ptr)->InternalIsDescendant(str)) 

#define PRemoveConst(cls, ptr)  (const_cast<cls*>(ptr))

#if P_USE_ASSERTS
template<class BaseClass> inline BaseClass * PAssertCast(BaseClass * obj, const char * file, int line) 
  { if (obj == NULL) PAssertFunc(file, line, BaseClass::Class(), PInvalidCast); return obj; }
#define PDownCast(cls, ptr) PAssertCast<cls>(dynamic_cast<cls*>(ptr),__FILE__,__LINE__)
#else
#define PDownCast(cls, ptr) (dynamic_cast<cls*>(ptr))
#endif

#include <typeinfo>

#else // P_HAS_TYPEINFO

#define PIsDescendant(ptr, cls)    ((ptr)->InternalIsDescendant(cls::Class()))
#define PIsDescendantStr(ptr, str) ((ptr)->InternalIsDescendant(str))

#define PRemoveConst(cls, ptr)  ((cls*)(ptr))

#if P_USE_ASSERTS
template<class BaseClass> inline BaseClass * PAssertCast(PObject * obj, const char * file, int line) 
  { if (obj->InternalIsDescendant(BaseClass::Class())) return (BaseClass *)obj; PAssertFunc(file, line, BaseClass::Class(), PInvalidCast); return NULL; }
#define PDownCast(cls, ptr) PAssertCast<cls>((ptr),__FILE__,__LINE__)
#else
#define PDownCast(cls, ptr) ((cls*)(ptr))
#endif

#endif // P_HAS_TYPEINFO


/** Declare a class with PWLib class information.
This macro is used to declare a new class with a single public ancestor. It
starts the class declaration and then uses the #PCLASSINFO macro to
get all the run-time type functions.

The use of this macro is no longer recommended for reasons of compatibility
with documentation systems.
*/
#define PDECLARE_CLASS(cls, par) class cls : public par { PCLASSINFO(cls, par)
#ifdef DOC_PLUS_PLUS
} Match previous opening brace in doc++
#endif

///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// The root of all evil ... umm classes

/** Ultimate parent class for all objects in the class library.
This provides functionality provided to all classes, eg run-time types,
default comparison operations, simple stream I/O and serialisation support.
*/
class PObject {

  protected:
    /** Constructor for PObject, make protected so cannot ever create one on
       its own.
     */
    PObject() { }

  public:
    /* Destructor required to get the "virtual". A PObject really has nothing
       to destroy.
     */
    virtual ~PObject() { }

    /**@name Run Time Type functions */
  //@{
    /** Get the name of the class as a C string. This is a static function which
       returns the type of a specific class. 
       
       When comparing class names, always use the #strcmp()
       function rather than comparing pointers. The pointers are not
       necessarily the same over compilation units depending on the compiler,
       platform etc.

       @return pointer to C string literal.
     */      
    static inline const char * Class()    { return "PObject"; }

    /** Get the current dynamic type of the object instance.

       When comparing class names, always use the #strcmp()
       function rather than comparing pointers. The pointers are not
       necessarily the same over compilation units depending on the compiler,
       platform etc.

       The #PCLASSINFO macro declares an override of this function for
       the particular class. The user need not implement it.

       @return pointer to C string literal.
     */
    virtual const char * GetClass(unsigned /*ancestor*/ = 0) const { return Class(); }

    PBoolean IsClass(const char * cls) const 
    { return strcmp(cls, GetClass()) == 0; }

    /** Determine if the dynamic type of the current instance is a descendent of
       the specified class. The class name is usually provided by the
       #Class() static function of the desired class.
    
       The #PCLASSINFO macro declares an override of this function for
       the particular class. The user need not implement it.

       @return PTrue if object is descended from the class.
     */
    virtual PBoolean InternalIsDescendant(
      const char * clsName    // Ancestor class name to compare against.
    ) const
    { return IsClass(clsName); }

  //@}

  /**@name Comparison functions */
  //@{
    /** Result of the comparison operation performed by the #Compare()
       function.
      */
    enum Comparison {
      LessThan = -1,
      EqualTo = 0,
      GreaterThan = 1
    };

    /** Compare the two objects and return their relative rank. This function is
       usually overridden by descendent classes to yield the ranking according
       to the semantics of the object.
       
       The default function is to use the #CompareObjectMemoryDirect()
       function to do a byte wise memory comparison of the two objects.

       @return
       #LessThan, #EqualTo or #GreaterThan
       according to the relative rank of the objects.
     */
    virtual Comparison Compare(
      const PObject & obj   // Object to compare against.
    ) const;
    
    /** Determine the byte wise comparison of two objects. This is the default
       comparison operation for objects that do not explicitly override the
       #Compare() function.
    
       The #PCLASSINFO macro declares an override of this function for
       the particular class. The user need not implement it.

       @return
       #LessThan, #EqualTo or #GreaterThan
       according to the result #memcpy() function.
     */
    virtual Comparison CompareObjectMemoryDirect(
      const PObject & obj   // Object to compare against.
    ) const;

    /** Compare the two objects.
    
       @return
       PTrue if objects are equal.
     */
    bool operator==(
      const PObject & obj   // Object to compare against.
    ) const { return Compare(obj) == EqualTo; }

    /** Compare the two objects.
    
       @return
       PTrue if objects are not equal.
     */
    bool operator!=(
      const PObject & obj   // Object to compare against.
    ) const { return Compare(obj) != EqualTo; }

    /** Compare the two objects.
    
       @return
       PTrue if objects are less than.
     */
    bool operator<(
      const PObject & obj   // Object to compare against.
    ) const { return Compare(obj) == LessThan; }

    /** Compare the two objects.
    
       @return
       PTrue if objects are greater than.
     */
    bool operator>(
      const PObject & obj   // Object to compare against.
    ) const { return Compare(obj) == GreaterThan; }

    /** Compare the two objects.
    
       @return
       PTrue if objects are less than or equal.
     */
    bool operator<=(
      const PObject & obj   // Object to compare against.
    ) const { return Compare(obj) != GreaterThan; }

    /** Compare the two objects.
    
       @return
       PTrue if objects are greater than or equal.
     */
    bool operator>=(
      const PObject & obj   // Object to compare against.
    ) const { return Compare(obj) != LessThan; }
  //@}

  /**@name I/O functions */
  //@{
    /** Output the contents of the object to the stream. The exact output is
       dependent on the exact semantics of the descendent class. This is
       primarily used by the standard #operator<< function.

       The default behaviour is to print the class name.
     */
    virtual void PrintOn(
      ostream &strm   // Stream to print the object into.
    ) const;

    /** Input the contents of the object from the stream. The exact input is
       dependent on the exact semantics of the descendent class. This is
       primarily used by the standard #operator>> function.

       The default behaviour is to do nothing.
     */
    virtual void ReadFrom(
      istream &strm   // Stream to read the objects contents from.
    );


    /** Global function for using the standard << operator on objects descended
       from PObject. This simply calls the objects #PrintOn() function.
       
       @return the #strm parameter.
     */
    inline friend ostream & operator<<(
      ostream &strm,       // Stream to print the object into.
      const PObject & obj  // Object to print to the stream.
    ) { obj.PrintOn(strm); return strm; }

    /** Global function for using the standard >> operator on objects descended
       from PObject. This simply calls the objects #ReadFrom() function.

       @return the #strm parameter.
     */
    inline friend istream & operator>>(
      istream &strm,   // Stream to read the objects contents from.
      PObject & obj    // Object to read inormation into.
    ) { obj.ReadFrom(strm); return strm; }


  /**@name Miscellaneous functions */
  //@{
    /** Create a copy of the class on the heap. The exact semantics of the
       descendent class determine what is required to make a duplicate of the
       instance. Not all classes can even \b do a clone operation.
       
       The main user of the clone function is the #PDictionary class as
       it requires copies of the dictionary keys.

       The default behaviour is for this function to assert.

       @return
       pointer to new copy of the class instance.
     */
    virtual PObject * Clone() const;

    /** This function yields a hash value required by the #PDictionary
       class. A descendent class that is required to be the key of a dictionary
       should override this function. The precise values returned is dependent
       on the semantics of the class. For example, the #PString class
       overrides it to provide a hash function for distinguishing text strings.

       The default behaviour is to return the value zero.

       @return
       hash function value for class instance.
     */
    virtual PINDEX HashFunction() const;
  //@}
};

///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Platform independent types

// All these classes encapsulate primitive types such that they may be
// transfered in a platform independent manner. In particular it is used to
// do byte swapping for little endien and big endien processor architectures
// as well as accommodating structure packing rules for memory structures.

#define PANSI_CHAR 1
#define PLITTLE_ENDIAN 2
#define PBIG_ENDIAN 3


#if 0
class PStandardType
/* Encapsulate a standard 8 bit character into a portable format. This would
   rarely need to do translation, only if the target platform uses EBCDIC
   would it do anything.

   The platform independent form here is always 8 bit ANSI.
 */
{
  public:
    PStandardType(
      type newVal   // Value to initialise data in platform dependent form.
    ) { data = newVal; }
    /* Create a new instance of the platform independent type using platform
       dependent data, or platform independent streams.
     */

    operator type() { return data; }
    /* Get the platform dependent value for the type.

       @return
       data for instance.
     */

    friend ostream & operator<<(ostream & strm, const PStandardType & val)
      { return strm << (type)val; }
    /* Output the platform dependent value for the type to the stream.

       @return
       the stream output was made to.
     */

    friend istream & operator>>(istream & strm, PStandardType & val)
      { type data; strm >> data; val = PStandardType(data); return strm; }
    /* Input the platform dependent value for the type from the stream.

       @return
       the stream input was made from.
     */


  private:
    type data;
};
#endif


#define PI_SAME(name, type) \
  struct name { \
    name() : data(0) { } \
    name(type value) : data(value) { } \
    name(const name & value) : data(value.data) { } \
    name & operator =(type value) { data = value; return *this; } \
    name & operator =(const name & value) { data = value.data; return *this; } \
    operator type() const { return data; } \
    friend ostream & operator<<(ostream & s, const name & v) { return s << v.data; } \
    friend istream & operator>>(istream & s, name & v) { return s >> v.data; } \
    private: type data; \
  }

#define PI_LOOP(src, dst) \
    BYTE *s = ((BYTE *)&src)+sizeof(src); BYTE *d = (BYTE *)&dst; \
    while (s != (BYTE *)&src) *d++ = *--s;

#define PI_DIFF(name, type) \
  struct name { \
    name() : data(0) { } \
    name(type value) : data(0) { operator=(value); } \
    name(const name & value) : data(value.data) { } \
    name & operator =(type value) { PI_LOOP(value, data); return *this; } \
    name & operator =(const name & value) { data = value.data; return *this; } \
    operator type() const { type value; PI_LOOP(data, value); return value; } \
    friend ostream & operator<<(ostream & s, const name & value) { return s << (type)value; } \
    friend istream & operator>>(istream & s, name & v) { type val; s >> val; v = val; return s; } \
    private: type data; \
  }

#ifndef PCHAR8
#define PCHAR8 PANSI_CHAR
#endif

#if PCHAR8==PANSI_CHAR
PI_SAME(PChar8, char);
#endif

PI_SAME(PInt8, char);

PI_SAME(PUInt8, unsigned char);

#if PBYTE_ORDER==PLITTLE_ENDIAN
PI_SAME(PInt16l, PInt16);
#elif PBYTE_ORDER==PBIG_ENDIAN
PI_DIFF(PInt16l, PInt16);
#endif

#if PBYTE_ORDER==PLITTLE_ENDIAN
PI_DIFF(PInt16b, PInt16);
#elif PBYTE_ORDER==PBIG_ENDIAN
PI_SAME(PInt16b, PInt16);
#endif

#if PBYTE_ORDER==PLITTLE_ENDIAN
PI_SAME(PUInt16l, WORD);
#elif PBYTE_ORDER==PBIG_ENDIAN
PI_DIFF(PUInt16l, WORD);
#endif

#if PBYTE_ORDER==PLITTLE_ENDIAN
PI_DIFF(PUInt16b, WORD);
#elif PBYTE_ORDER==PBIG_ENDIAN
PI_SAME(PUInt16b, WORD);
#endif

#if PBYTE_ORDER==PLITTLE_ENDIAN
PI_SAME(PInt32l, PInt32);
#elif PBYTE_ORDER==PBIG_ENDIAN
PI_DIFF(PInt32l, PInt32);
#endif

#if PBYTE_ORDER==PLITTLE_ENDIAN
PI_DIFF(PInt32b, PInt32);
#elif PBYTE_ORDER==PBIG_ENDIAN
PI_SAME(PInt32b, PInt32);
#endif

#if PBYTE_ORDER==PLITTLE_ENDIAN
PI_SAME(PUInt32l, DWORD);
#elif PBYTE_ORDER==PBIG_ENDIAN
PI_DIFF(PUInt32l, DWORD);
#endif

#if PBYTE_ORDER==PLITTLE_ENDIAN
PI_DIFF(PUInt32b, DWORD);
#elif PBYTE_ORDER==PBIG_ENDIAN
PI_SAME(PUInt32b, DWORD);
#endif

#if PBYTE_ORDER==PLITTLE_ENDIAN
PI_SAME(PInt64l, PInt64);
#elif PBYTE_ORDER==PBIG_ENDIAN
PI_DIFF(PInt64l, PInt64);
#endif

#if PBYTE_ORDER==PLITTLE_ENDIAN
PI_DIFF(PInt64b, PInt64);
#elif PBYTE_ORDER==PBIG_ENDIAN
PI_SAME(PInt64b, PInt64);
#endif

#if PBYTE_ORDER==PLITTLE_ENDIAN
PI_SAME(PUInt64l, PUInt64);
#elif PBYTE_ORDER==PBIG_ENDIAN
PI_DIFF(PUInt64l, PUInt64);
#endif

#if PBYTE_ORDER==PLITTLE_ENDIAN
PI_DIFF(PUInt64b, PUInt64);
#elif PBYTE_ORDER==PBIG_ENDIAN
PI_SAME(PUInt64b, PUInt64);
#endif

#if PBYTE_ORDER==PLITTLE_ENDIAN
PI_SAME(PFloat32l, float);
#elif PBYTE_ORDER==PBIG_ENDIAN
PI_DIFF(PFloat32l, float);
#endif

#if PBYTE_ORDER==PLITTLE_ENDIAN
PI_DIFF(PFloat32b, float);
#elif PBYTE_ORDER==PBIG_ENDIAN
PI_SAME(PFloat32b, float);
#endif

#if PBYTE_ORDER==PLITTLE_ENDIAN
PI_SAME(PFloat64l, double);
#elif PBYTE_ORDER==PBIG_ENDIAN
PI_DIFF(PFloat64l, double);
#endif

#if PBYTE_ORDER==PLITTLE_ENDIAN
PI_DIFF(PFloat64b, double);
#elif PBYTE_ORDER==PBIG_ENDIAN
PI_SAME(PFloat64b, double);
#endif

#ifndef NO_LONG_DOUBLE // stupid OSX compiler
#if PBYTE_ORDER==PLITTLE_ENDIAN
PI_SAME(PFloat80l, long double);
#elif PBYTE_ORDER==PBIG_ENDIAN
PI_DIFF(PFloat80l, long double);
#endif

#if PBYTE_ORDER==PLITTLE_ENDIAN
PI_DIFF(PFloat80b, long double);
#elif PBYTE_ORDER==PBIG_ENDIAN
PI_SAME(PFloat80b, long double);
#endif
#endif

#undef PI_LOOP
#undef PI_SAME
#undef PI_DIFF


///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Miscellaneous

/*$MACRO PARRAYSIZE(array)
   This macro is used to calculate the number of array elements in a static
   array.
 */
#define PARRAYSIZE(array) ((PINDEX)(sizeof(array)/sizeof(array[0])))

/*$MACRO PMIN(v1, v2)
   This macro is used to calculate the minimum of two values. As this is a
   macro the expression in #v1 or #v2 is executed
   twice so extreme care should be made in its use.
 */
#define PMIN(v1, v2) ((v1) < (v2) ? (v1) : (v2))

/*$MACRO PMAX(v1, v2)
   This macro is used to calculate the maximum of two values. As this is a
   macro the expression in #v1 or #v2 is executed
   twice so extreme care should be made in its use.
 */
#define PMAX(v1, v2) ((v1) > (v2) ? (v1) : (v2))

/*$MACRO PABS(val)
   This macro is used to calculate an absolute value. As this is a macro the
   expression in #val is executed twice so extreme care should be
   made in its use.
 */
#define PABS(v) ((v) < 0 ? -(v) : (v))


#endif // PTLIB_OBJECT_H


// End Of File ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
