
I. Configuring Unified2 Output

  Unified2 can work in one of three modes, packet logging, alert
  logging, or true unified logging. Packet logging includes a capture
  of the entire packet and is specified with log_unified2. Likewise,
  alert logging will only log events and is specified with alert
  unified2. To include both logging styles in a single, unified file,
  simply specify unified2.

  When MPLS support is turned on, MPLS labels can be included in
  unified2 events. Use option mpls_event_types to enable this. If
  option mpls event types is not used, then MPLS labels will be not be
  included in unified2 events.

  * Note that by default, unified2 files have the create time (in Unix
    Epoch format) appended to each file when it is created.

  Format:
    output alert_unified2: \
        filename <base filename> [, limit <size in MB>] [, nostamp] \
        [,mpls_event_types] [, vlan_event_types]

    output log_unified2: \
        filename <base filename> [, limit <size in MB>] [, nostamp]

    output unified2: \
        filename <base filename> [, limit <size in MB>] [, nostamp] \
        [,mpls_event_types] [, vlan_event_types]

  * Note that you'll need to have compiled snort with --enable-mpls as
    well as use the mpls_event_types to obtain mpls events.

  * Note that you'll need to have compiled snort with --enable-ipv6 to
    obtain ipv6 specific logging capabilities.

  Example:
    output alert_unified2: filename snort.alert limit 128, nostamp
    output log_unified2: filename snort.log, limit 128, nostamp
    output unified2: filename merged.log, limit 128, nostamp
    output unified2: filename merged.log, limit 128, nostamp, \
        mpls_event_types
    output unified2: filename merged.log, limit 128, \
        mpls_event_types, vlan_event_types

  Unified2 also has logging support for various extra data. The
  following configuration items will enable these extra data logging
  facilities.

    config log_ipv6_extra_data

    This option enables Snort to log IPv6 source and destination
    address as unified2 extra data events.

    enable_xff

    This option enables HTTP Inspect to parse and log the original
    client IP present in the X-Forwarded-For or True-Client- IP HTTP
    request headers along with the generated events.
    * see README.http_inspect for more information

    log_uri

    This option enables HTTP Inspect to parse and log the URI data
    from the HTTP request and log it along with all the generated
    events for that session.
    * see README.http_inspect for more information

    log_hostname 

    This option enables HTTP Inspect to parse and log the Host header
    data from the HTTP request and log it along with all the generated
    events for that session.
    * see README.http_inspect for more information

    log_hostname 

    This option enables HTTP Inspect to parse and log the Host header
    data from the HTTP request and log it along with all the generated
    events for that session.
    * see README.http_inspect for more information

    log_mailfrom

    This option enables SMTP preprocessor to parse and log the senders
    email address extracted from the "MAIL FROM" command along with
    all the generated events for that session.
    * see README.SMTP for more information

    log_rcptto

    This option enables SMTP preprocessor to parse and log the
    recipients email address extracted from the "RCPT FROM" command
    along with all the generated events for that session.
    * see README.SMTP for more information

    log_rcptto

    This option enables SMTP preprocessor to parse and log the MIME
    attachment filenames extracted from the Content-Dispostion header
    within the MIME body along with all the generated events for that
    session.
    * see README.SMTP for more information

    log_email_hdrs

    This option enables SMTP preprocessor to parse and log the SMTP
    email headers extracted from the SMTP data along with all the
    generated events for that session.
    * see README.SMTP for more information


II. Reading Unified2 Files

  A. U2SpewFoo

  U2SpewFoo is a lightweight tool for dumping the contents of unified2
  files to stdout.
  
  Example usage:
    
    $ u2spewfoo snort.log


  Example Output:

    (Event)
        sensor id: 0    event id: 4 event second: 1299698138    event microsecond: 146591
        sig id: 1   gen id: 1   revision: 0  classification: 0
        priority: 0 ip source: 10.1.2.3 ip destination: 10.9.8.7
        src port: 60710 dest port: 80   protocol: 6 impact_flag: 0  blocked: 0

    Packet
        sensor id: 0    event id: 4 event second: 1299698138
        packet second: 1299698138   packet microsecond: 146591
        linktype: 1 packet_length: 54
    [    0] 02 09 08 07 06 05 02 01 02 03 04 05 08 00 45 00  ..............E.
    [   16] 00 28 00 06 00 00 40 06 5C B7 0A 01 02 03 0A 09  .(....@.\.......
    [   32] 08 07 ED 26 00 50 00 00 00 62 00 00 00 2D 50 10  ...&.P...b...-P.
    [   48] 01 00 A2 BB 00 00                                ......

    (ExtraDataHdr)
        event type: 4   event length: 33

    (ExtraData)
        sensor id: 0    event id: 2 event second: 1299698138
        type: 9 datatype: 1 bloblength: 9   HTTP URI: /

    (ExtraDataHdr)
        event type: 4   event length: 78

    (ExtraData)
        sensor id: 0    event id: 2 event second: 1299698138
        type: 10    datatype: 1 bloblength: 54  HTTP Hostname: србијаицрнагора.иком.museum

  B. U2Boat

  U2boat is a tool for converting unified2 files into different
  formats.

  Currently supported conversion formats are: pcap

  Example usage:
    u2boat -t pcap <infile> <outfile>


III. Unified2 File Format

  Unified 2 records should not be assumed to be in any order.  All
  values are stored in network byte order.

    An example structure of unified2 files

    [ Serial Unified2 Header    ]
    [ Unified2 IDS Event        ]
    [ Unified2 Packet           ]
    [ Unified2 Extra Data       ]
    .
    .
    .
    [ Serial Unified2 Header    ]
    [ Unified2 IDS Event        ]
    [ Unified2 Packet           ]
    [ Unified2 Extra Data       ]

  A. Serial Unified2 Header:

    record type             4 bytes
    record length           4 bytes

  All unified2 records are preceded by a Serial Unified2 header.  This
  unified2 record allows an interpretting application to skip past and
  apply simple heuristics against records.
  
  The Record Type indicates one of the following unified2 records
  follows the Serial Unified2 Header:

    Value           Record Type
    ----------      -----------
    2               Unified2 Packet
    7               Unified2 IDS Event
    72              Unified2 IDS Event IP6
    104             Unified2 IDS Event      (Version 2)
    105             Unified2 IDS Event IP6  (Version 2)
    110             Unified2 Extra Data

  The record length field specifies the entire length of the record 
  (not including the Serial Unified2 Header itself) upto the next 
  Serial Unified2 Header or EOF.

  B. Unified2 Packet
    
    sensor id               4 bytes
    event id                4 bytes
    event seconds           4 bytes
    event microseconds      4 bytes
    linktype                4 bytes
    packet length           4 bytes
    packet data             <variable length>

  A Unified2 Packet is provided with each Unified2 Event record. This
  packet is the `alerting' packet that caused a given event.

  Unified2 Packet records contain contain a copy of the packet that
  caused an alert (Packet Data) and is packet length octets long.

  C. Unfied2 IDS Event

    sensor id               4 bytes
    event id                4 bytes
    event second            4 bytes
    event microsecond       4 bytes
    signature id            4 bytes
    generator id            4 bytes
    signature revision      4 bytes
    classification id       4 bytes
    priority id             4 bytes
    ip source               4 bytes
    ip destination          4 bytes
    source port/icmp type   2 bytes
    dest. port/icmp code    2 bytes
    protocol                1 byte
    impact flag             1 byte
    impact                  1 byte
    blocked                 1 byte

  Unified2 IDS Event is logged for IPv4 Events without VLAN or MPLS
  tagging. 

  D. Unfied2 IDS Event IP6

    sensor id               4 bytes
    event id                4 bytes
    event second            4 bytes
    event microsecond       4 bytes
    signature id            4 bytes
    generator id            4 bytes
    signature revision      4 bytes
    classification id       4 bytes
    priority id             4 bytes
    ip source               16 bytes
    ip destination          16 bytes
    source port/icmp type   2 bytes
    dest. port/icmp code    2 bytes
    protocol                1 byte
    impact flag             1 byte
    impact                  1 byte
    blocked                 1 byte

  Unified2 IDS Event IP6 is logged for IPv6 Events without VLAN or 
  MPLS tagging. 

  * Note that you'll need to pass --enable-ipv6 to configure in order
    obtain IPv6 Event types.

  E. Unfied2 IDS Event (Version 2)

    sensor id               4 bytes
    event id                4 bytes
    event second            4 bytes
    event microsecond       4 bytes
    signature id            4 bytes
    generator id            4 bytes
    signature revision      4 bytes
    classification id       4 bytes
    priority id             4 bytes
    ip source               4 bytes
    ip destination          4 bytes
    source port/icmp type   2 bytes
    dest. port/icmp code    2 bytes
    protocol                1 byte
    impact flag             1 byte
    impact                  1 byte
    blocked                 1 byte
    mpls label              4 bytes
    vlan id                 2 bytes
    padding                 2 bytes
  

  Unified2 IDS Event (Version 2) are logged for IPv4 packets which
  contain either  MPLS or VLAN headers. Otherwise a Unified2 IDS Event
  is logged.

  * Note that you'll need to pass --enable-mpls to configure in order
    to have Snort fill in the mpls label field.

  * Note that you'll need to configure unified2 logging with either
    mpls_event_types or vlan_event_types to get this record type.

  F. Unified2 IDS Event IP6 (Version 2)

    sensor id               4 bytes
    event id                4 bytes
    event second            4 bytes
    event microsecond       4 bytes
    signature id            4 bytes
    generator id            4 bytes
    signature revision      4 bytes
    classification id       4 bytes
    priority id             4 bytes
    ip source               16 bytes
    ip destination          16 bytes
    source port/icmp type   2 bytes
    dest. port/icmp code    2 bytes
    protocol                1 byte
    impact flag             1 byte
    impact                  1 byte
    blocked                 1 byte
    mpls label              4 bytes
    vlan id                 2 bytes
    padding                 2 bytes

  Unified2 IDS Event IP6 (Version 2) are logged for IPv6 packets which
  contain either MPLS or VLAN headers. Otherwise a Unified2 IDS Event
  IP6 is logged.

  * Note that you'll need to pass --enable-mpls to configure in order
    to have Snort fill in the mpls label field.

  * Note that you'll need to pass --enable-ipv6 to configure in order
    obtain IPv6 Event types.

  * Note that you'll need to configure unified2 logging with either
    mpls_event_types or vlan_event_types to get this record type.


  G. Unified2 Extra Data

    sensor id               4 bytes
    event id                4 bytes
    event second            4 bytes
    type                    4 bytes
    data type               4 bytes
    data length             4 bytes
    data                    <variable length>


  H. Description of Fields

  Sensor ID
    Unused 
  
  Event ID
    The upper 2 bytes represent the snort instance, if specified by
    passing the -G option to Snort.

    The lower 2 bytes indicate the unique id of the event.

    The Event ID field is used to facilitate the task of coalescing
    events with packet data.

  Event Seconds and Event Microseconds
    Timestamp represented as seconds since the epoch of when the alert
    was generated.

  Link Type (Unified2 Packet)
    The Datalink type of the packet, typically EN10M but could be any
    of the values as returned by pcap_datalink that Snort handles.
   
  Packet Length (Unified2 Packet)
    Length of the Packet Data.
  
  Packet Data (Unified2 Packet)
    The alerting packet, of Packet Length bytes long.

  Type (Unified2 Extra Data)
    Type specifies the type of extra data that was logged, the valid
    types are:

    Value           Description 
    ----------      -----------
    1               Original Client IPv4 
    2               Original Client IPv6
    3               UNUSED
    4               GZIP Decompressed Data
    5               SMTP Filename
    6               SMTP Mail From
    7               SMTP RCPT To
    8               SMTP Email Headers
    9               HTTP URI
    10              HTTP Hostname
    11              IPv6 Source Address
    12              IPv6 Destination Address
    13              Normalized Javascript Data
    

  Data Type (Unified2 Extra Data)
    The type of extra data in the record.

    Value           Description 
    ----------      -----------
    1               Blob  

  Data Length (Unified2 Extra Data)
    Length of the data stored in the extra data record

  Data (Unified2 Extra Data)
    Raw extra event data upto Data Length bytes in size.

    All of these Extra data types, with the exception of 1, 2, 11, and
    12 (IP Addresses) are stored in plain-text. The IP Address types
    need to be interpreted as if they were comming off the wire.

  Signature ID
    The Signature ID of the alerting rule, as specified by the sid
    keyword.

  Generator ID
    The Generator ID of the alerting rule, as specified by the gid
    keyword.

  Signature Revision
    Revision of the rule as specified by the rev keyword.

  Classification ID
    Classification ID as mapped in the file classifcations.conf 

  Priority ID
    Priority of the rule as mapped in the file classifications.conf or
    overridden by the priority keyword for text rules. 

  IP Source
    Source IP of the packet that generated the event.

  IP Destination
    Destination IP of the packet that generated the event.

  Source Port/ICMP Type
    If Protocol is TCP or UDP than this field contains the source port
    of the alerting packet.

    If Protocol is ICMP than this field contains the ICMP type of the
    alerting packet.

  Destination Port/ICMP Code
    If protocol is TCP or UDP than this field contains the source port
    of the alerting packet.

    If protocol is icmp than this field contains the icmp code of the
    alerting packet.
  
  Protocol
    Transport protcol of the alerting packet. One of: ip, tcp, udp, or
    icmp.

  Impact flag
    Legacy field, specifies whether a packet was dropped or not.

    Value           Description 
    ----------      -----------
    32              Blocked 

  Impact
    UNUSED; deprecated.

  Blocked
    Whether the packet was not dropped, was dropped or would have been
    dropped. 

    Value           Description 
    ----------      -----------
    0               Was NOT Dropped 
    1               Was Dropped
    2               Would Have Dropped*

    * Note that you'll only obtain Would Have Dropped on rules which
      are set to drop while Snort is running in inline-test mode.

  MPLS Label (4 bytes)
    The extracted mpls label from the mpls header in the alerting
    packet.

  VLAN ID
    The extracted vlan id from the vlan header in the alerting packet.

  Padding
    Padding is used to keep the event structures aligned on a 4 byte
    boundary.

